Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Transcribed Image Text:### Qualitative Analysis of Group II Cations
Qualitative analysis is a method for identifying the elements present in an unknown mixture. For this purpose, metal cations are broadly classified into three groups based upon their solubilities:
- **Group I cations**, \( \text{Pb}^{2+} \), \( \text{Ag}^{+} \), and \( \text{Hg}_2^{2+} \), form insoluble chlorides.
- **Group II cations**, \( \text{Cu}^{2+} \), \( \text{Bi}^{3+} \), \( \text{Hg}^{2+} \), \( \text{Cd}^{2+} \), \( \text{Sn}^{4+} \), \( \text{Sb}^{3+} \), form insoluble sulfides below pH 0.5.
- **Group III cations**, \( \text{Al}^{+} \), \( \text{Cr}^{+} \), \( \text{Co}^{+} \), \( \text{Fe}^{+} \), \( \text{Mn}^{+} \), \( \text{Ni}^{+} \), \( \text{Zn}^{+} \), form insoluble sulfides above pH 9.
- **Group IV cations**, \( \text{Ba}^{2+} \), \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \), \( \text{Mg}^{2+} \), \( \text{Na}^{+} \), \( \text{K}^{+} \), \( \text{NH}_4^{+} \), are the remaining common cations.
The alkaline earth members of this group form insoluble carbonates while the alkaline elements are identified by flame tests. The ammonium ion is detected by a litmus test. These groups are easily separated by their markedly different solubilities. Separating the cations within a given group is more difficult, but based upon the same principle, as will be shown in the experimental section.
**Note:** The groups used for quantitative analysis are solely based on solubility. They do not in any way correspond to the groups of the periodic table.
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### Group II Cations: \( \text{Cu}^{2+} \), \( \text{Bi}^{3+} \), \( \text{Sn}^{4+} \), \( \text{Sb
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Resource: Prelaboratory Assignment for Qualitative Analysis of Group II Cations**
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### Prelaboratory Assignment: Qualitative Analysis Group II Cations
**Name:** ___________________________________ **Date:** __________________
**Section:** ________________________________
1. **Prepare a complete flow chart for the procedure and put it on your data sheet.**
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**Note:**
This assignment requires you to create a detailed flow chart outlining each step of the qualitative analysis procedure for Group II cations. Ensure that your flow chart is comprehensive and accurately represents all necessary steps and sequences. This will be a crucial part of your data sheet and will assist you significantly during the laboratory experiment.
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**Instructions:**
- **Flow Chart Preparation:** Design a flow chart that includes all steps for identifying Group II cations. Include decision points, reagents added, and any expected observations at each step.
- **Data Sheet Inclusion:** Ensure that your prepared flow chart is clearly presented on your data sheet for easy reference during the lab session.
*End of Assignment Instructions*
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Feel free to refer to your laboratory manual for further guidance on the steps and the specifics of the chemical reactions that will be conducted.
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