Much research on extinction has focused on small populations, which are vulnerable for numerous reasons. A cyclical chain of events causing a small population to decline even further and become vulnerable to processes that lead to extinction is called an extinction vortex. Which of the following is not one of the factors leading to this phenomenon? A. Inbreeding between individuals in the population B. Little genetic variation in the population C. low tolerance to environmental stochasticity O D. metapopulations with high connectivity O E. low fitness of individuals within the population

Much research on extinction has focused on small populations, which are vulnerable for numerous reasons. A cyclical chain of events causing a small population to decline even further and become vulnerable to processes that lead to extinction is called an extinction vortex. Which of the following is not one of the factors leading to this phenomenon? A. Inbreeding between individuals in the population B. Little genetic variation in the population C. low tolerance to environmental stochasticity O D. metapopulations with high connectivity O E. low fitness of individuals within the population

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter11: Evolution And Its Processes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ: In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into...

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Many species of birds choose their mates based on how brightly colored they are. If feather color is heritable, how would this violate the assumptions required for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equillibrium? HW equilibrium would cause mutations in such a species. A. This is a founder effect В. This is a bottleneck effect C. OD. Mating is non-random. Alleles for brightly colored phenotypes might become more common in the species and allele frequency would change.
If gene flow between two populations stops, which of the following could occur given enough time? a. speciation b. the population each gain unique alleles c. the timing of reproduction changes ending their ability to interbreed d. frequencies of alleles shift in different ways e. these are all things that could occur if gene flow between two populations of one species ended, given enough time
The gene pool of the peppered moth population in England changed. As a result, the frequency of the black allele in the population increased, while the frequency of the white allele decreased. Which of the following statements correctly describes why the allele frequencies changed in the peppered moth population? a The white moths die more often compared to the black moths due to the random mutation in the lichen population. b The white allele became less common as a result of sexual selection. Black moths reproduced more often due to the female preferring dark colors to light colors. c Black soot from the burning of coal discolored the bark of local trees; black moths became more common because they blended in better, and survived to reproduce more often than white moths. d The industrial revolution in England produced a harmful chemical toxin that killed the white moths, but did not affect the black moths.
Consider this example. Shorebirds on the Eastern coast of North America feed on the mollusks and tiny crabs along the shore. Birds with tougher beaks are better adapted to crack open the shells of the mollusks, and birds with sharper beaks are better adapted to pierce the shells of crabs. Over time, the shorebirds become two separate species that no longer breed with one another. What type of speciation has occurred? A. Sympatric speciation B. Adaptive speciation C. Microevolution speciation D. Allopatric speciation
Imagine that you are asked to manage a population of wolves that have taken upresidence on an island off the coast of Alaska. Because prey resources are limited, theisland will support only about 50 wolves at any one time. What steps would you take toprevent inbreeding and genetic drift in the population in the future?
Gene flow often increases genetic diversity of populations that come together. Which of these is an example of when gene flow could reduce genetic diversity if two populations (Population A and Population B) come together? O The offspring with parents from population A and B have low survival because they are not adapted to the environment. O Individuals from population A have an allele that is not found in population B. O Individuals from population B have an allele that is not found in population B O Population A only has homozygous recessive alleles and population B only has homozygous dominant alleles.
If reinforcement is weak and hybrids are not completely infertile, a. genetic divergence between populations may be overcome by gene flow. b. speciation will occur 100% of the time. c. gene flow between populations will be impossible. d. the speciation will be more likely than if hybrids were completely infertile.
In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? a. natural selection and genetic drift b. mutation and gene flow c. natural selection and gene flow d. gene flow and genetic drift
A new species of snail was discovered. Your initial population genetics survey found that fA:0.48. To determine the primary mode of reproduction you survey the population again in one generation. You collect 100 individuals in the next generation. The composition of your collection is AA=38, Aa=20, aa=42. What is the primary mode of reproduction? a. random mating b. not enough information to determine c. nonrandom mating due to inbreeding
A small number of lizards from a mainland population have been deposited on four isolated islands because of the effects of a rare strong storm. Which of the following best predicts the outcome of these lizards reproducing for many generations on the islands? * The isolation prevents gene flow; thus, the lizards on different islands experience prezygotic isolation. The different species that currently exist are the result of hybridization between lizards from different islands. Speciation results from bottleneck events that happened before the ancestral species reached the islands. Courtship rituals specific to each island lizard species prevent the lizards from interbreeding.
Which of the following examples refers to microevolution? A.In a population of mice, individuals with dark fur are cryptic against the dark soil in their habitat and have higher fitness. Many generations later, the proportion of the population with the allele for dark fur has increased B. Two populations of the same species are reproductively isolated (no allels/individual , moving between the populations) Over many generations they become so different that they diverge into separate species C.In a population of lizards, a random event causes one allele to be lost from the population. So, future generations have a lower proportion (zero) of that alele.
Consider the first copy of an allele for insecticideresistance that arises by mutation in a populationof insects exposed to an insecticide. Is this mutation an adaptation? If, after some generations,we find that most of the population is resistant,is the resistance an adaptation? If we discovergenetic variation for insecticide resistance in apopulation that has had no experience of insecticides, is the variation an adaptation? If an insectpopulation is polymorphic for two alleles, eachof which confers resistance against one of twopesticides that are alternately applied, is thevariation an adaptation? Or is each of the tworesistance traits an adaptation?