Model 5: Isotope Natural Abundances Atom Most common isotope C O S N CI Br ¹²C (100) 160 (100) 32S (100) 14N (100) Jump in Mass (no. extra neutrons) +1 Next most common isotope (no. found for every 100 atoms of most common isotope) 13C (1.11) 150 (0.20) 34S (4.40) 15N (0.38) 37 Cl (32.5) 81Br (98.0) 35 CI (100) 79Br (100) 13 For example: There are 1.11 ¹C atoms on the planet for every 100 ¹2C atoms. Equivalent ways of saying this are: There are likely to be 111 C atoms in a sample of 10,111 carbon atoms or 1.10% of the carbon on the planet is 1³C (since 111/10,111 x 100% = 1.10%). Critical Thinking Questions 15. What does the superscript to the left of each atom label tell you (e.g., the 12 in ¹2C)?
Model 5: Isotope Natural Abundances Atom Most common isotope C O S N CI Br ¹²C (100) 160 (100) 32S (100) 14N (100) Jump in Mass (no. extra neutrons) +1 Next most common isotope (no. found for every 100 atoms of most common isotope) 13C (1.11) 150 (0.20) 34S (4.40) 15N (0.38) 37 Cl (32.5) 81Br (98.0) 35 CI (100) 79Br (100) 13 For example: There are 1.11 ¹C atoms on the planet for every 100 ¹2C atoms. Equivalent ways of saying this are: There are likely to be 111 C atoms in a sample of 10,111 carbon atoms or 1.10% of the carbon on the planet is 1³C (since 111/10,111 x 100% = 1.10%). Critical Thinking Questions 15. What does the superscript to the left of each atom label tell you (e.g., the 12 in ¹2C)?
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Chapter2: Atoms
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 2.83P: 2-83 The natural abundance of boron isotopes is as follows: 19.9sf boron-l0 (10.013 amu) and 80.1%...
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Transcribed Image Text:16. Consider the data in Model 5:
a.
b.
C.
17. If you were to randomly choose one methane molecule (CH4) on this planet, what mass (in amu)
is it most likely to have?
18. Given a sample of methane (CH4) molecules, what percentage will contain a ¹³C atom (i.e., ¹³CH4)
and weigh 17 amu?
22.
19. Imagine a barrel of raffle tickets. 1.1% of the tickets in the barrel are winners.
What is your percent chance of winning if you buy one ticket?
What is your percent chance of winning if you buy two tickets?
What is your percent chance of winning if you buy six tickets?
a.
b.
What is the mass of the most common isotope of carbon?
What is the mass of the next most common isotope of carbon?
The extra mass in ¹³C is due to an extra neutron. Complete the chart by writing in the other
number of extra neutrons needed to make each "next most common isotope."
C.
20. Imagine that you are building models of alkanes (e.g., methane, ethane, hexane) using a huge bag
of C atoms, 1.1% of which are marked with a "13" to indicate they represent ¹³C atoms.
a.
b.
How many times do you reach into the bag if you are building a model of methane?
...ethane? ...hexane?
In a sample of ethane molecules (CH3CH3), 2.2% of the molecules are expected to contain
one ¹3C atom. What percentage of propane (CH3CH₂CH3) molecules will contain one 1³C
atom? Explain your reasoning.
21. In a sample of hexane molecules (CH3-CH₂-CH2-CH₂-CH2-CH3), for every 100 molecules in the
sample that weigh 86 amu, how many will weigh 87 amu?
(Report your answer to two significant figures: X.X)
An unknown hydrocarbon has a molecular formula C,H,. For every 100 molecules in the sample
that contain only ¹2C atoms, there are 9.9 that contain exactly one ¹3C atom. How many carbons
are in the molecule? (i.e., What is the value of x?)
Transcribed Image Text:Model 5: Isotope Natural Abundances
Atom
Most common
isotope
C
O
S
N
CI
Br
12C (100)
160 (100)
32S (100)
14N (100)
35 CI (100)
Jump in Mass
Next most common isotope
(no. extra neutrons) (no. found for every 100 atoms of most common isotope)
+1
13C (1.11)
180 (0.20)
34S (4.40)
15N (0.38)
37 Cl (32.5)
"¹Br (98.0)
79Br (100)
For example: There are 1.11 *C atoms on the planet for every 100 ¹2C atoms. Equivalent ways of saying this are:
There are likely to be 111 1³C atoms in a sample of 10,111 carbon atoms or 1.10% of the carbon on the planet is
1³C (since 111/10,111 x 100% = 1.10%).
Critical Thinking Questions
15. What does the superscript to the left of each atom label tell you (e.g., the 12 in ¹2C)?
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