Mentions the advantages of membrane bioreactors in water treatment

roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)

Develop a spreadsheet to predict as functions of time with concentration, volimme and permeate flows for a batch ultrafiltration. Assume that the flux depends on concentration as follows: J(L/M²/H) = A*EXP(-bC) where C is the retentate concentration in g/l. Assume that the recirculation rate is kept high enough that shear rate dependence is eliminated. Do a sample run with C.= 0.5 g/l, Cfinal = 50 g/l, A = 50, and b = 0.02. Assume a filtration area of 19.4M² and an initial volume of 3255 L. Assume σ (protein) = 1.0 or σ (protein) = 0.95 or σ (protein) = 0.90.

When deciding which type of pump to use on a forest fire, which question would be the least important to ask first?

Discuss the environmental consequences of biomaterials compared to non-biomaterials.

Using correct terminology about water activity, explain why making jam is a good way to preserve berries. When you seal a jar of jam (as in canning), in what additional ways are you preventing microbial growth?

Discuss the following statement: ‘Microbial metabolisms are coupled acrossthe anoxic-oxic interface in several environments.’ Draw on at least threespecific examples to support your arguments.

Denitrification occurs under:     anaerobic conditions     aerobic conditions     both aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Practice Question #2 Each of the following statement FALSE. Tell me what is incorrect with the statement and correct it when possible. For example, if the statement says: the sky is red during daytime. You would answer: the sky isn't red during daytime, it is blue. a) Your lab supervisor asks you to grow a new bacterium they got from a collaborator. You grow them in the suggested nutrient-rich media, and you notice that as the log phase growth progresses, the bacteria seem to turn purple. You mention it to your supervisor and ask whether it is the gradient from very high to low nutrient bioavailability that induces metabolic changes which induces the production of a purple pigment. Your supervisor tells you that is unlikely. What is a more plausible conclusion? Note: The metabolic changes statement is wrong, the "plausible conclusion" is this case is the correction of the false statement, conclusion. the more plausible b) The organism in Tube B is microaerophilic. Oxic zone Anoxic zone…

The soil bacterium Azotobacter can be enriched from soil using liquid media, which must contain the following Mannitol Nitrate (NO3-) Amino Acids Ammonia (NH4+) All the above