Mention any 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of using Optical fibers in Data Communication over Metal conductors.

A transmission line cable consists of 19 strands of identical copper conductors, each 1.5 mm in diameter. The length of the cable is 2 km but because of the twist of the strands, the actual length of each conductor is increased by 5 percent. What is resistance of the cable ? Take the resistivity of the copper to be 1.78 ×10^–8 m.

A single core cable has a conductor diameter of 1 cm and insulation thickness of 0.4 cm. If the specific resistance of insulation is 5*1014 Q-cm, the insulation resistance of 2 km cable will be?

Explain this image in basic terms.

What is the working explanartion for full-smd 16-led board?

How has wireless communication fundamentally changed the way to transmit data?

The air gaps of the relay in figure 1.2 are both 0.5 cm. the magnetic flux densities of the air gap and the core are assumed to be equal, ignoring the flux leakage and scattering effect. the relay core (including its pallet) is physically and structurally identical and of square cross-section, made of cast steel with the magnetization curve given in figure 1.1. the sides of the cross-sectional area are 4 em. other dimensions given in figure 1.2. the magnetic flux density is always required for the relay to pull the pallet and for the pallet to stay pulled. the number of turns of the relay is n=4480. for the relay to pull the pallet find how much current is required (to activate) (il-?). how much current is needed (i2-?) for the relay to remain on when its pallet is drawn (with the air gap closed) and this in this case, find what is the reluctance (r-?) of the core. find the magnetic circuit inductance (l-?) when the air gap of the relay is closed (activated) and the current…

The Maxwell bridge is said to be independent of the frequency. Why?

In the context of fiber-optic cables, explain the significance of dispersion compensating modules.

what is the effective strategies to inchance long distance communication? subject = is electromagnetic feild and wave