Calculus: Early Transcendentals
Calculus: Early Transcendentals
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285741550
Author: James Stewart
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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The number of mosquitos in a field after a major rainfall is modeled by the function M defined by M(t)=-t^3 + 12t^2 + 144t, where t is the number of days after the rainfall ended and 0
**Problem 2: Modeling Mosquito Population Dynamics**

The population of mosquitoes in a field after a major rainfall is modeled by the function \( M \) defined by:
\[ M(t) = -t^3 + 12t^2 + 144t \]
where \( t \) is the number of days after the rainfall ended and \( 0 \leq t \leq 18 \).

**a.) Interpretation of \( M'(15) = -171 \) in Context**

Using correct units, interpret the meaning of \( M'(15) = -171 \) in the context of the problem.

**Answer:** The value \( M'(15) = -171 \) indicates the rate of change of the number of mosquitoes in the field on the 15th day after the rainfall ended. Since the derivative is negative, it suggests that the mosquito population is decreasing. Specifically, there is a decrease of 171 mosquitoes per day on the 15th day after the rainfall.

**b.) Maximum Number of Mosquitoes**

Based on the model, what is the absolute maximum number of mosquitoes in the field over the time interval \( 0 \leq t \leq 18 \)? Justify your answer.

**Answer:** To find the absolute maximum number of mosquitoes, we need to determine the critical points of \( M(t) \) by finding \( t \) where \( M'(t) = 0 \) within the interval \( 0 \leq t \leq 18 \). Then, we evaluate \( M(t) \) at those critical points and at the endpoints \( t = 0 \) and \( t = 18 \).

\[ M(t) = -t^3 + 12t^2 + 144t \]
\[ M'(t) = -3t^2 + 24t + 144 \]
Setting \( M'(t) = 0 \):

\[ -3t^2 + 24t + 144 = 0 \]

Solving for \( t \):

\[ t = -4 \ \text{or} \ t = 12 \ \text{(only the positive time is relevant)} \]

Evaluate \( M(t) \) at \( t = 0 \), \( t = 12 \), and \( t = 18 \):

\[ M(0) = 0 \]
\[ M(12) = -12
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Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 2: Modeling Mosquito Population Dynamics** The population of mosquitoes in a field after a major rainfall is modeled by the function \( M \) defined by: \[ M(t) = -t^3 + 12t^2 + 144t \] where \( t \) is the number of days after the rainfall ended and \( 0 \leq t \leq 18 \). **a.) Interpretation of \( M'(15) = -171 \) in Context** Using correct units, interpret the meaning of \( M'(15) = -171 \) in the context of the problem. **Answer:** The value \( M'(15) = -171 \) indicates the rate of change of the number of mosquitoes in the field on the 15th day after the rainfall ended. Since the derivative is negative, it suggests that the mosquito population is decreasing. Specifically, there is a decrease of 171 mosquitoes per day on the 15th day after the rainfall. **b.) Maximum Number of Mosquitoes** Based on the model, what is the absolute maximum number of mosquitoes in the field over the time interval \( 0 \leq t \leq 18 \)? Justify your answer. **Answer:** To find the absolute maximum number of mosquitoes, we need to determine the critical points of \( M(t) \) by finding \( t \) where \( M'(t) = 0 \) within the interval \( 0 \leq t \leq 18 \). Then, we evaluate \( M(t) \) at those critical points and at the endpoints \( t = 0 \) and \( t = 18 \). \[ M(t) = -t^3 + 12t^2 + 144t \] \[ M'(t) = -3t^2 + 24t + 144 \] Setting \( M'(t) = 0 \): \[ -3t^2 + 24t + 144 = 0 \] Solving for \( t \): \[ t = -4 \ \text{or} \ t = 12 \ \text{(only the positive time is relevant)} \] Evaluate \( M(t) \) at \( t = 0 \), \( t = 12 \), and \( t = 18 \): \[ M(0) = 0 \] \[ M(12) = -12
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