Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics
Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain b…
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If you may please help me with evidence and the explanation of the chart in 1700–1800. The other years aren't neccessary but thank you.

**E.L. Trudeau and the Fight Against Tuberculosis** E.L. Trudeau was quick to distinguish between a helpful therapy and a cure. He opened the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium, where poor and rich alike could come and receive the benefits of fresh air, plenty of sunlight, rest, and abundant but simple nourishing food. Hundreds benefited. Similar institutions opened up in the U.S., and the movement was already well underway in Western Europe. But the cure would only come in the 1950s with the discovery of antibiotics that were effective against the mycobacterium. **Questions** *Choose ONE of the following questions for your group to answer. Some outside research will be required – you will have to find an additional resource to help you answer this question. Your answer must include at least one direct quote from this resource. In addition, write an evaluation of the resource that you choose: how did you find it? Who wrote the information, and on what is it based? What makes it a reliable resource?* **Question 1:** The curve shown in Figure 2 has three parts, from 1700–1800, 1800 to approx. 1955, and 1955 to approximately 1985. The data used to produce the curve are from Western Europe, but a similar one could be expected for the United States. From what you know of the history and culture of the United States and Western Europe, write a paragraph telling why each part of the curve looks the way it does. In looking just at this graph, what would you predict about the death rate from TB in 2000 and 2005? *Note: The graph (Figure 2: Western European mortality statistics—TB deaths over time) shows a high death rate in the early years (1700 - 1800), a gradual decline from the 1800s until approximately 1955, followed by a steep decline post-1955. In recent years, a combination of development of antibiotic-resistant strains of Mtb along with the creation of a reservoir of immunocompromised people by the worldwide AIDS epidemic have contributed to a resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States and a worldwide upswing in TB cases and deaths. This resurgence has been accompanied by a resurgence of interest in the disease by scientists asking new questions about the nature of true host genetic susceptibility/resistance genes for tuberculosis, about virulence genes within the mycobacterium itself which might offer new drug targets,
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Transcribed Image Text:**E.L. Trudeau and the Fight Against Tuberculosis** E.L. Trudeau was quick to distinguish between a helpful therapy and a cure. He opened the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium, where poor and rich alike could come and receive the benefits of fresh air, plenty of sunlight, rest, and abundant but simple nourishing food. Hundreds benefited. Similar institutions opened up in the U.S., and the movement was already well underway in Western Europe. But the cure would only come in the 1950s with the discovery of antibiotics that were effective against the mycobacterium. **Questions** *Choose ONE of the following questions for your group to answer. Some outside research will be required – you will have to find an additional resource to help you answer this question. Your answer must include at least one direct quote from this resource. In addition, write an evaluation of the resource that you choose: how did you find it? Who wrote the information, and on what is it based? What makes it a reliable resource?* **Question 1:** The curve shown in Figure 2 has three parts, from 1700–1800, 1800 to approx. 1955, and 1955 to approximately 1985. The data used to produce the curve are from Western Europe, but a similar one could be expected for the United States. From what you know of the history and culture of the United States and Western Europe, write a paragraph telling why each part of the curve looks the way it does. In looking just at this graph, what would you predict about the death rate from TB in 2000 and 2005? *Note: The graph (Figure 2: Western European mortality statistics—TB deaths over time) shows a high death rate in the early years (1700 - 1800), a gradual decline from the 1800s until approximately 1955, followed by a steep decline post-1955. In recent years, a combination of development of antibiotic-resistant strains of Mtb along with the creation of a reservoir of immunocompromised people by the worldwide AIDS epidemic have contributed to a resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States and a worldwide upswing in TB cases and deaths. This resurgence has been accompanied by a resurgence of interest in the disease by scientists asking new questions about the nature of true host genetic susceptibility/resistance genes for tuberculosis, about virulence genes within the mycobacterium itself which might offer new drug targets,
# Study of the Effects of Hygienic Environments on Tuberculosis Progression Dr. Trudeau had followed Dr. Koch’s work with interest. He worked hard to learn how to culture MTb organisms and was the first to do so in the United States. Intrigued by the correlation between a healthy outdoor lifestyle and an efficient anti-tubercular defense in his own case, he devised a simple experiment. The experiment sought to both link the MTb "germ" as a causative agent of tuberculosis and a possible therapy for the disease. The experiment was described in his 1886 paper, "Environment in its Relation to the Progress of Bacterial Invasion in Tuberculosis." The following is an excerpt from that paper: --- **Research Questions:** 1. **First**: What results ensue when both bacillary infection and unhygienic surroundings are made to coexist in tuberculosis? 2. **Second**: Are unhygienic surroundings when every known precaution has been taken to exclude the bacillus sufficient of themselves to bring about the disease? 3. **Third**: Is bacillary infection invariably progressive in animals placed under the best conditions of environment attainable? --- **Experimental Design:** Fifteen rabbits were made use of and divided into three lots, each set of animals being placed under conditions best adapted to answer the questions already referred to. **Experiment No. 1**: Five rabbits were inoculated in the right lung and in the left side of the neck with five minims of sterilized water in which was suspended a sufficient quantity of a pure culture (third generation) of the tubercle bacillus to render the liquid quite perceptibly turbid. The needle of Dr. Koch’s inoculating syringe was inserted subcutaneously on the left side of the neck and in the third intercostal space to a depth of thirty millimetres on the right side. These animals were then confined in a small box and put in a dark cellar. They were thus deprived of light, fresh air, and exercise and were also stinted in the quantity of food given them while being themselves artificially infected with the tubercle bacillus. **Experiment No. 2**: Five healthy rabbits were placed under the following conditions: A fresh hole about ten feet deep was dug in the middle of a field, and the animals having been confined in a small box with high sides but no top, were lowered to the bottom of this pit,
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Transcribed Image Text:# Study of the Effects of Hygienic Environments on Tuberculosis Progression Dr. Trudeau had followed Dr. Koch’s work with interest. He worked hard to learn how to culture MTb organisms and was the first to do so in the United States. Intrigued by the correlation between a healthy outdoor lifestyle and an efficient anti-tubercular defense in his own case, he devised a simple experiment. The experiment sought to both link the MTb "germ" as a causative agent of tuberculosis and a possible therapy for the disease. The experiment was described in his 1886 paper, "Environment in its Relation to the Progress of Bacterial Invasion in Tuberculosis." The following is an excerpt from that paper: --- **Research Questions:** 1. **First**: What results ensue when both bacillary infection and unhygienic surroundings are made to coexist in tuberculosis? 2. **Second**: Are unhygienic surroundings when every known precaution has been taken to exclude the bacillus sufficient of themselves to bring about the disease? 3. **Third**: Is bacillary infection invariably progressive in animals placed under the best conditions of environment attainable? --- **Experimental Design:** Fifteen rabbits were made use of and divided into three lots, each set of animals being placed under conditions best adapted to answer the questions already referred to. **Experiment No. 1**: Five rabbits were inoculated in the right lung and in the left side of the neck with five minims of sterilized water in which was suspended a sufficient quantity of a pure culture (third generation) of the tubercle bacillus to render the liquid quite perceptibly turbid. The needle of Dr. Koch’s inoculating syringe was inserted subcutaneously on the left side of the neck and in the third intercostal space to a depth of thirty millimetres on the right side. These animals were then confined in a small box and put in a dark cellar. They were thus deprived of light, fresh air, and exercise and were also stinted in the quantity of food given them while being themselves artificially infected with the tubercle bacillus. **Experiment No. 2**: Five healthy rabbits were placed under the following conditions: A fresh hole about ten feet deep was dug in the middle of a field, and the animals having been confined in a small box with high sides but no top, were lowered to the bottom of this pit,
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May you please provide a source explaining/proving my answer. It can be anything on antibiotics, time periods, tuberculosis, anything.

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May you please provide a source explaining/proving my answer. It can be anything on antibiotics, time periods, tuberculosis, anything.

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