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Materials with valence electrons fewer than four electrons are generally conductors. Why is it?

a. (The answer cannot be found on the other choices.)

b. For materials with fewer than three valence electrons, less or insignificant electric field is produced in the conductor. This is the reason why the electric field inside a conductor is zero.

c. Originally, these materials have eight valence electrons. Greater than four of these valence electrons became free electrons and fewer than four valence electrons remained. This is why conductors have more free electrons at room temperature.

d. Valence electrons in these materials need less energy gap is needed to be overcame to dislodge them from their parent atoms to become free electrons. Hence, conductors have overlapping conduction and valence bands.

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