Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- If we measure the heat change (q) of everything in a system except the calorimeter, we can use the first law of thermodynamics (∆Euniverse = 0) to calculate the heat change of the calorimeter (qcal). In this reaction, we combine 5.59 g of 66.2 ºC water with 5.62 g of 16.1 ºC water in a calorimeter. Since some of the heat is absorbed by the calorimeter, the final temperature of the water is 26.6ºC. Since the hot and cold water are combined, the final temp of the water is the final temp for the hot water and the cold water. Calculate the heat change of the calorimeter in J. Remember that all of the heat changes must add up to zero so you can calculate the heat change of the hot water (qhotwater) and the heat change of the cold water (qcoldwater) using for each where Cs = 4.186 J/gºC. The first law of thermodynamics tells us that all of these changes sum up to zero so Enter your answer to one decimal place (tenthsarrow_forwardA student dissolves 11.1 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)in 200. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water rise from 22.0 °C to 36.9 °C over the course of 5.3 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NaOH(s) Na (aq) + OH(aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to 3 significant digits. → Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. Calculate the reaction enthalpy ΔΗ. per mole of NaOH. rxn exothermic…arrow_forwardConsider these reactions, where M represents a generic metal. 1. 2 M(s) + 6 HCI(aq) 2 MCI, (aq) + 3 H, (g) AH, = -846.0 kJ ΔΗ | 2. HCI(g) - HCl(aq) AH, = -74.8 kJ | 3. H, (g) + Cl, (g) – 2 HCI(g) ΔΗ AH3 = -1845.0 kJ 4. MCI, (s) MCI, (aq) AH, = -140.0 kJ Use the given information to determine the enthalpy of the reaction 2 M(s) + 3 Cl, (g) 2 MCI, (s) AH = kJarrow_forward
- A student dissolves 11.6 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)in 250. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water rise from 23.0 °C to 35.2 °C over the course of 8.9 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NaOH(s) Na+ (aq) + OH (aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to the correct number of significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. Calculate the reaction enthalpy ΔΗ per mole of NaOH.…arrow_forwardA system does 566566 kJ of work and loses 216216 kJ of heat to the surroundings. What is the change in internal energy, Δ?ΔE, of the system? Note that internal energy is symbolized as Δ?ΔU in some sources.arrow_forwardA generic solid, X, has a molar mass of 58.9 g/mol. In a constant-pressure calorimeter, 30.9 g of X is dissolved in 259 g of water at 23.00 °C. X(s) · X(aq) The temperature of the resulting solution rises to 26.10 °C. Assume the solution has the same specific heat as water, 4.184 J/(g.°C), and that there is negligible heat loss to the surroundings. How much heat was absorbed by the solution? q = kJ What is the enthalpy of the reaction? AH rxn kJ/molarrow_forward
- Hydrogen peroxide can be prepared in several ways. One method is the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, another method is the reaction between water and oxygen. Calculate the ΔGrxn∘ of each reaction using values from the table of thermodynamic properties. (1)H2(g)+O2(g)↽−−⇀H2O2(l) Δ?∘rxn= kJ⋅mo^l−1 (2)H2O(l)+12O2(g)↽−−⇀H2O2(l)arrow_forwardUse the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction (show all work): P4(g) + 10 Cl2(g) → 4PCl5(s) ΔH°rxn = ? Given: PCl5(s) → PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ΔH°rxn = +157 kJ P4(g) + 6 Cl2(g) → 4 PCl3(g) ΔH°rxn = -1207 kJarrow_forwardThe standard enthalpies of formation of ions in aqueous solutions are obtained by arbitrarily assigning a value of zero to H* ions; that is, AH H* (aq)]=0. H₂O HC1 (g) →H (aq) + Cl¯ (aq) Note: Reference the Thermodynamic properties of pure substances table for additional information. Part 1 of 2 For the following reaction, calculate AH, for the CI ions. Round your answer to 4 significant digits. Part 2 of 2 □ 0x10 X □ 0.0 kJ ΔΗ% = -14.7 mol S Calculate the enthalpy of neutralization when 1 mole of a strong monoprotic acid (such as HCI) is titrated by 1 mole of a strong base (such as KOH) at 25 °C. Round your answer to 3 significant digits. 010arrow_forward
- A 1.22 g sample of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) was burned in excess oxygen in a bomb calorimeter. The calorimeter, which alone had a heat capacity of 2.67 kJ/oC, contained 7 g of water. The temperature of the calorimeter and its contents increased from 23.47oC to 27.95oC. What is ΔH (in kJ) for the combustion per 1.00 mol of acetic acid? MW of acetic acid is 60 g/mol. (Round off the final answer to ONE decimal place. Do not include the unit.)arrow_forwardUse standard enthalpies of formation to calculate ΔH° for the following reaction: Fe2O3 (s) + 2 Al (s) → Al2O3 (s) + 2 Fe (s) Be sure to enter a unit with your answer.arrow_forward
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