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Maintenance of calcium ion homeostasis is critical to neurological, cardiac, and skeletal muscle function. Consider the roles of two hormones involved in the regulation of the concentration of calcium ions in the blood: Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin. Based on this information, predict the body's response to restore calcium balance if a person swallowed 30 antacid tablets in 10 minutes made of a calcium compound. Relate this response to bone remodeling. Include in your answer the following: 1. The definition of homeostasis, the two types of feedback mechanisms that control homeostasis, and all of the components of a feedback loop. 2. An overview of bone remodeling and the role of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. How do these hormones work together to maintain blood calcium levels through bone remodeling? Include where these hormones are made, what cells they affect, and how they interact with each other. 3. What type of feedback mechanism will the body use to counteract the antacids increase in calcium levels and which hormone will the body use to restore blood calcium levels?

Maintenance of calcium ion homeostasis is critical to neurological, cardiac, and skeletal muscle function. Consider the roles of two hormones involved in the regulation of the concentration of calcium ions in the blood: Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin. Based on this information, predict the body's response to restore calcium balance if a person swallowed 30 antacid tablets in 10 minutes made of a calcium compound. Relate this response to bone remodeling. Include in your answer the following: 1. The definition of homeostasis, the two types of feedback mechanisms that control homeostasis, and all of the components of a feedback loop. 2. An overview of bone remodeling and the role of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. How do these hormones work together to maintain blood calcium levels through bone remodeling? Include where these hormones are made, what cells they affect, and how they interact with each other. 3. What type of feedback mechanism will the body use to counteract the antacids increase in calcium levels and which hormone will the body use to restore blood calcium levels?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Understanding Calcium Ion Homeostasis and Bone Remodeling** The maintenance of calcium ion homeostasis is vital for neurological, cardiac, and skeletal muscle function. This section explores the roles of two critical hormones in regulating blood calcium levels: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin. **Predicting the Body's Response to Calcium Intake:** When an individual ingests a high calcium load, such as swallowing 30 antacid tablets composed of calcium compounds within 10 minutes, the body must restore calcium balance. The response involves both immediate and long-term mechanisms related to bone remodeling. ### Key Concepts to Address: 1. **Definition of Homeostasis:** Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. This involves two types of feedback mechanisms: - **Negative Feedback**: Reduces the output or activity to return to an ideal level of a variable. - **Positive Feedback**: Increases the output or activity to move further away from an initial state. Components of a feedback loop include the stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, and response. 2. **Overview of Bone Remodeling and Hormonal Roles:** Bone remodeling is a continuous process of bone resorption and formation. PTH and Calcitonin play crucial roles: - **Parathyroid Hormone (PTH):** Produced by the parathyroid glands, PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone, releasing calcium. - **Calcitonin:** Secreted by the thyroid gland, calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity, promoting calcium deposition in bones. These hormones together maintain calcium homeostasis by affecting bone cells and interacting to balance calcium levels. 3. **Feedback Mechanism in Response to Antacid Intake:** When antacids increase blood calcium levels, the body employs a negative feedback mechanism. Calcitonin is released to decrease calcium levels by enhancing bone deposition and reducing osteoclast activity, restoring equilibrium in calcium concentration. This understanding is essential for comprehending how the body maintains vital functions through calcium regulation and bone health.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Calcium Ion Homeostasis and Bone Remodeling** The maintenance of calcium ion homeostasis is vital for neurological, cardiac, and skeletal muscle function. This section explores the roles of two critical hormones in regulating blood calcium levels: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin. **Predicting the Body's Response to Calcium Intake:** When an individual ingests a high calcium load, such as swallowing 30 antacid tablets composed of calcium compounds within 10 minutes, the body must restore calcium balance. The response involves both immediate and long-term mechanisms related to bone remodeling. ### Key Concepts to Address: 1. **Definition of Homeostasis:** Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. This involves two types of feedback mechanisms: - **Negative Feedback**: Reduces the output or activity to return to an ideal level of a variable. - **Positive Feedback**: Increases the output or activity to move further away from an initial state. Components of a feedback loop include the stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, and response. 2. **Overview of Bone Remodeling and Hormonal Roles:** Bone remodeling is a continuous process of bone resorption and formation. PTH and Calcitonin play crucial roles: - **Parathyroid Hormone (PTH):** Produced by the parathyroid glands, PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone, releasing calcium. - **Calcitonin:** Secreted by the thyroid gland, calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity, promoting calcium deposition in bones. These hormones together maintain calcium homeostasis by affecting bone cells and interacting to balance calcium levels. 3. **Feedback Mechanism in Response to Antacid Intake:** When antacids increase blood calcium levels, the body employs a negative feedback mechanism. Calcitonin is released to decrease calcium levels by enhancing bone deposition and reducing osteoclast activity, restoring equilibrium in calcium concentration. This understanding is essential for comprehending how the body maintains vital functions through calcium regulation and bone health.
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