1. These viruses have likely been around for a very long time. Why are they suddenly evolving to infect human hosts? 2. Looking at the phylogeny below which shows the relationships between the original SARS-CoV virus and the one we are currently facing, SARS-CoV-2. What is the evidence (in the figure that SARS-CoV-2 did not arise from SARS-CoV in humans?3. What is the evidence (shown in the figure) that the likely origin of CoV-2 is a bat and not a pangolin? 100SarbecovirusHibecovirusNobecovirus0.05Merbecovirus100 Embecovirus100100100100SARS-CoV-relatedlineage7510010010010088SARS-CoV-2-relatedlineage100SARS-CoV GZ02100 SARS-CoV SZ3-SARS-CoV Tor299 100 SARS-CoV BJ0184100 10010091100Bat SARSr-CoV Rs4231Bat SARSr-CoV SHC014Bat SARS-CoV WIV1Bat SARSr-CoV YN2018CBat SARSr-CoV Rp3Bat SARSr-CoV HKU3-1100Bat SARSr-CoV BM48-31- Pangolin coronavirus GuangxiBat coronavirus ZXC21Bat coronavirus ZC45- Pangolin coronavirus GuangdongBat coronavirus RmYN02Bat coronavirus RaTG13SARS-CoV-2 China/Shenzhen/SZTH002/202001SARS-CoV-2 USA/CA1/202001SARS-CoV-2 Singapore/14Clin/202002SARS-CoV-2 Japan/DP0346/202002SARS-CoV-2 Australia/VIC04/202003SARS-CoV-2 Germany/NRW06/202002SARS-CoV-2 China/Wuhan/WIV04/201912SARS-CoV-2 Vietnam/CM295/202003SARS-CoV-2 Italy/CDG1/20200285 SARS-CoV-2 USA/NYUMC8/202003Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKUSTylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4MERS-CoVHuman coronavirus HKU1Murine hepatitis virusHuman coronavirus OC43

It's believed that coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, have likely existed in animal…

Looking at the phylogeny below which shows the relationships between the original SARS-CoV virus and the one we are currently facing, SARS-CoV-2. What is the evidence (in the figure that SARS-CoV-2 did not arise from SARS-CoV in humans?

Looking at the phylogeny below which shows the relationships between the original SARS-CoV virus and the one we are currently facing, SARS-CoV-2. What is the evidence (in the figure that SARS-CoV-2 did not arise from SARS-CoV in humans?

Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337512442

Author:RICE

Publisher:RICE

Chapter16: Antifungal, Antiviral, And Immunizing Agents

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19RQ

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Concept explainers

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.

Question

1. These viruses have likely been around for a very long time. Why are they suddenly evolving to infect human hosts? 2. Looking at the phylogeny below which shows the relationships between the original SARS-CoV virus and the one we are currently facing, SARS-CoV-2. What is the evidence (in the figure that SARS-CoV-2 did not arise from SARS-CoV in humans?

3. What is the evidence (shown in the figure) that the likely origin of CoV-2 is a bat and not a pangolin?

100
Sarbecovirus
Hibecovirus
Nobecovirus
0.05
Merbecovirus
100 Embecovirus
100
100
100
100
SARS-CoV-
related
lineage
75
100
100
100
100
88
SARS-CoV-2-
related
lineage
100
SARS-CoV GZ02
100 SARS-CoV SZ3
-SARS-CoV Tor2
99 100 SARS-CoV BJ01
84
100 100
100
91
100
Bat SARSr-CoV Rs4231
Bat SARSr-CoV SHC014
Bat SARS-CoV WIV1
Bat SARSr-CoV YN2018C
Bat SARSr-CoV Rp3
Bat SARSr-CoV HKU3-1
100
Bat SARSr-CoV BM48-31
- Pangolin coronavirus Guangxi
Bat coronavirus ZXC21
Bat coronavirus ZC45
- Pangolin coronavirus Guangdong
Bat coronavirus RmYN02
Bat coronavirus RaTG13
SARS-CoV-2 China/Shenzhen/SZTH002/202001
SARS-CoV-2 USA/CA1/202001
SARS-CoV-2 Singapore/14Clin/202002
SARS-CoV-2 Japan/DP0346/202002
SARS-CoV-2 Australia/VIC04/202003
SARS-CoV-2 Germany/NRW06/202002
SARS-CoV-2 China/Wuhan/WIV04/201912
SARS-CoV-2 Vietnam/CM295/202003
SARS-CoV-2 Italy/CDG1/202002
85 SARS-CoV-2 USA/NYUMC8/202003
Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013
Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9
Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1
Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKUS
Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4
MERS-CoV
Human coronavirus HKU1
Murine hepatitis virus
Human coronavirus OC43

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Step 1: Phylogenetic relationship between SARS CoV and SARS CoV-2.

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U UUU UAU 11yr Phe UUC UUA Leu UUG Jle UCU UCC UCA UCG UGU UGC Cys UGA Stop UAG Skop UGG Trp UAC Ser UAA Stop CUU CUC CỦA CUG CAU JHis CAC CGU CGC CGA CGG CCC Leu Pro Arg ССА Delete CCA CG CAA CAG JGIN Gln AUU AUC le AUA AUG Met AGU 1 Ser AGC AGA AGGJArg 1. ACU ACC The ACA ACG AAU M AAC AAA AAG Jlys JAun ATG AAC TAC CTA GGG ACA GAU JAsp GAC GAA GAG JGlu GUU GUC Val G GUA GCU GCC GCA Ala GCG GGU GGC Gly ATG ACC TAG GGA CA GGA GGG GUG G. Compare translation before and after the deletion. What effect might it have on gene function? Asp Daspartic acid lleI isolcucine Thr T threonine Leu L leucine Ser S serine Туr Y tyrosine Glu E glutamic acid Phe F phenylalanine Pro P proline His H histidine Lys K Arg R Gly G glycine lysine Ala A alanine arginine Cys C cysteine Trp W tryptophan Val V valine Gln Q glutamine Met M methionine Asn N asparagine Second Position UGU 1Cy UCU UCC Ser UCA UG UUU Phe UAU UAC Ty UAA Slop UGA Stop UAG Slop UGG Trp UGC UUC U UUA Leu ] low UUG CUU CÚC A Leu CCU CCC Pro…
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