Look at the branching tree. A. New offspring are born. B, A change in the environment causes new traits. C. Organisms flew to a new area. D. The common ancestor had a lot of mutations.

1. Define and explain taxonomy. List the major taxonomic levels from most general to most specific. 2. Define and explain binomial nomenclature. 3. Explain the difference between Lamarck's Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics and Darwin's Natural Selection. Provide an example in your explanation.

2. Birds have evolved over the last 60-70 MY. To learn about their relatedness, we can use DNA sequences. Because DNA evolves at a relatively steady rate, gene sequences in two different organisms will accumulate sequence changes and become more different with time. The longer ago their common ancestor was, the more different their sequences will be. However, some genes are under more selection and so evolve slowly. Other genes are under less selection and so evolve quite quickly. Assuming that sites change linearly with time, we can calculate how many sites differ when comparing genes between different species. For simplicity we'll assume we are comparing 1000bp of sequence for each of these genes. Species compared Canary and olive finch Canary and house finch Canary and zebra finch Canary and robin Canary and chicken a. Why do the three genes differ in the number of variable sites between different species? Canary Olive finch House finch Zebra finch robin chicken Canary # of sites…

2. The Paleozoic Era extended over which of the following time periods in the fossil record? A. the Cenozoic Era, from the end of the Cretaceous into the Tertiary and Quaternary Periods B. the "age of reptiles", from 251 million years ago to 65 million years ago C. the "age of birds and mammals", from 65 million years ago to the present day D. the "age of fishes", from 542 million years ago to 251 million years ago E. the Mesozoic Era, from the start of the Triassic into the Cretaceous Period