Microscopic examination
The analysis of minute organisms, cellular organization of any biological structure, and composition of body fluids with the help of a microscope is known as microscopic examination. The magnification of specimens or samples under study helps in attaining a clearer picture of it.
Gram Staining
Named after Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist, Gram stain is one of the most powerful staining techniques within microbiology. This technique was introduced in 1882 to identify pneumonia-causing organisms. The Gram staining technique uses crystal violet or methylene blue as primary staining colors to distinguish gram-positive from gram-negative organisms. Under a microscope, the gram-positive organisms appear purple-brown, retaining the primary color. Gram-negative organisms appear pink or red as they do not acquire the color of the primary stain.
Biological macromolecules are massive molecules that are required for live organisms' survival and growth. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major biological macromolecules with distinct activities. Nucleic acids are huge molecules that store and transport genetic information from one creature to another, as well as to conduct other processes such as protein production. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribose nucleic acid (RNA) are the two forms of nucleic acids (RNA). Genes are DNA-based and are found in the chromosomes of the nucleus inside the cells.
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