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Transcribed Image Text:Vocabulary: Muckrakers -The term muckraker refers to reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for all popular magazines and
continued a tradition of investigative journalism reporting; muckrakers often worked to expose social ills and corporate and political
corruption.
Upton Sinclair-Muckraker
By 1905, consumer protection had become a national issue. As Americans
read news stories by muckrakers and listened to the concerns of
progressive reformers, they increasingly felt that the costs of a laissez-faire
approach to the economy outweighed the benefits. That year, a muckraker
journalist named Samuel Hopkins Adams published several articles in
Collier's magazine describing the patent medicine business. Many
companies patented and marketed potions they claimed would cure a
variety of ills. Many of these medicines were little more than alcohol, colored
water, and sugar. Others contained caffeine, opium, cocaine, and other
dangerous compounds. Consumers had no way to know what they were
taking, nor did they know whether the medicines worked as claimed. Many
Americans were equally concerned about the food they ate. Dr. W. H. Wiley,
chief chemist at the United States Department of Agriculture, had issued
reports documenting dangerous preservatives, including formaldehyde and
borax, being used in what he called "embalmed meat."
1) Which area of consumer protection first
gained national attention in Collier's magazine?
For similar reasons, food preparation businesses came under scrutiny. In
1906, Upton Sinclair published a novel, The Jungle, based on his close
observations of the slaughterhouses of Chicago. The appalling conditions in
the meatpacking industry, as described by Sinclair, enraged consumers.
Roosevelt and Congress responded with the Meat Inspection Act, passed in
1906. It required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate
commerce and required the Agriculture Department to set standards of
cleanliness in meatpacking plants. The Pure Food and Drug Act, passed on
the same day in 1906, prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of
impure or falsely labeled food and drugs.
2) What was the issue with that product?
3) What was "embalmed meat"?
Vocabulary: formaldehyde - Formaldehyde is a strong-smelling, colorless gas used in making building materials and many household
products. It is used in pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, plywood, and fiberboard; glues and adhesives; permanent-press
fabrics; paper product coatings; and certain insulation materials. In addition, formaldehyde is commonly used as an industrial
fungicide, germicide, and disinfectant, and as a preservative in mortuaries and medical laboratories.
4) What was the purpose of the Meat inspection Act?
5) What was the purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act?
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