Let x be a random variable that represents the pH of arterial plasma (i.e., acidity of the blood). For healthy adults, the mean of the x distribution is μ = 7.4.† A new drug for arthritis has been developed. However, it is thought that this drug may change blood pH. A random sample of 31 patients with arthritis took the drug for 3 months. Blood tests showed that x = 8.4 with sample standard deviation s = 2.5. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the drug has changed (either way) the mean pH level of the blood.   What is the level of significance? ____   What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)____

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.