Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body?
Q: Researchers have found that plants growing in soil with a low sulfur concentration suffer from…
A: Plants need some macro-nutrients in the soil to grow well and reproduce. The first three among them…
Q: 2. Fern prothallus (slide or p. 423) a. On which surface of the prothallus do the antheridium and…
A: a) Prothallus is a thallus like structure which is flat and green in colour. Prothallus remain…
Q: Unknown Testing: Which compound(s) were present in the unknown sample? (sugar? starch? protein?
A: Protein The long chain of polypeptide which is made up of small units called amino acids.
Q: Select the organism that matches each description. Some answers may be used more than once, and some…
A: There is given the list of microorganisms that inhabit different places. These are the…
Q: Bacterial Culture Bacterium 1 Pure Culture? Before Cryopreservation Yes No After Cryopreservation…
A: Pure culture is defined as a laboratory culture that contains just one species of organisms in…
Q: Which of the following describes the most likely outcome of a mutation that causes a sin- gle amino…
A: Mutation signifies the change in the nucleotide of the DNA/gene sequence. This change in the gene…
Q: V. Pathologic simple columnar epithelium - Celiac Disease V. Pathologic pseudostratified columnar…
A: Pseudostratified columnar epithelia are tissues formed by a single layer of cells that give the…
Q: 9. (a) Label each nitrogenous base in the double strand of DNA in Figure 4. -CH₂ 0 NEL P-C₂. H (a)…
A: The tendency for DNA sequences that are close to one another on a chromosome to be passed down…
Q: 1. Calculate Simpson’s Index of diversity for butterflies in habitats B and C, by pooling all…
A: Simpson’s Index of diversity This index is used as a measure to calculate the diversity of the…
Q: differences in the table below: DICOT LEAF MONOCOT LEAF
A: Angiosperms are divided into two classes depending upon the number of cotyledons present in their…
Q: ATP is an important molecule in cellular energetics. Which of the following statements is false? ATP…
A: Cellular expression involves production of energy (ATP) by the breakdown of glucose. Cellular…
Q: you Discuss wordst he Medico-legal case report and custody of the MLC records
A: Medical legal reports are documents prepared by medical officer in. response to a requisition of…
Q: The PAM1 matrix penalizes mismatching amino acids more than higher numbered PAM matrices. Explain…
A: PAM (POINT ACCEPTED MATRIX) indicates the probability of a mutation of an amino acid in a given…
Q: 4 PM Wed Oct 5 X ... то Q 21. If a membrane separates two solutions with different solute…
A: Introduction: As per our guidelines we are not allowed to answer more than 3 subpart at a time…
Q: Imagine a locus with two alleles. Mutation at this locus changes one allele to the other (i.e. it…
A: Changes to an organism's DNA sequence are referred to as mutations. Mutations can be the result of…
Q: What is the type of sexual spore (Ascospore or Basidiospore) in: 1. Schizosaccharomyces pombe 2.…
A: Ascospore is a sexual spore produced by fungi ascomycetes. Basidiospore is a sexual spore produced…
Q: What is the difference between howler monkeys and wooly monkeys? Are there any visual differences?
A: Introduction The most advanced placental mammals are the primates. Primates are mammals that lead an…
Q: The maximum light absorption for the DNS assay: 595nm 240nm 295nm 540n
A: DNS assay has been widely used for the estimation of reducing sugars derived from pretreatment of…
Q: In the Primula plant, the blue flower color is due to malvidin, a pigment encoded by the completely…
A: In the Primula plant pigment malvidin results in blue color flower which is encoded by dominant gene…
Q: Can you please solve part d and e?
A: Neurons are the smallest structural and functional unit of nervous system. These are responsible for…
Q: Explain how organelles in eukaryotic cells increase the efficiency of cellular processes.
A:
Q: What happens inside the lungs during emphysema? a. Tiny alveoli fuse into larger cavities,…
A: Lung The organ of the body that help in the exchange of gases.
Q: Can you explain me step by step how you did the semilogaritmic plots in excel?
A: Graphical representation of data: To sum up the data in a simpler form that makes it easier to…
Q: Glucose labeled with C13 at carbon #1 is fed to cells undergoing glycolysis and fermentation to…
A: Glucose and galactose undergo glycolysis reaction to produce 2 pyruvate molecules. It is followed by…
Q: A. Zamia - live specimen and Figure 18-35 1. To what Phylum does this plant belong? 2. What is…
A: Gymnosperms are a group of vascular seed plants,in which ovules are not enclosed by ovary wall.
Q: Identify the abbreviated and other parts of the large vein (microscopic). Thank you! *full name of…
A: Given: Picture of labelled large vein. Need: To expand the abbreviation for better understanding.
Q: Given: 0.6 µM h1 NO3 remineralization
A: Remineralization (release to water of nutrients in biologically available forms) is the process…
Q: e novo synthesis of building blocks always requires Group of answer choices A and B A. precursor…
A: Introduction :- The process of converting inorganic nitrogen compounds found in the environment into…
Q: Why is collaboration important in science?
A: ANSWER: Scientists may work together to share ideas and build upon the work of others when they are…
Q: 1.5 Cells without cell walls •Cell wall essential in shape and integrity of the cell •Lysis (Fig…
A: The science of cell structure and function is known as cell biology, and it is based on the idea…
Q: Which of the following statements about exergonic chemical reaction is true? Choose only the best…
A: Answer: There is release of energy due to the breakage of high energy bonds in the reactant
Q: Below is the colony diameter for each yeast culture grown on PDA and AcA incubated at 35°C measured…
A: Yeast The fungi which is microscopic unicellular eukaryotic organism.
Q: 7. An inversion heterozygote has the following inverted chromosome: Centromere A B JI HGF ED…
A: Crossing over is an event in cell division where two parental chromosomes come close and synapses…
Q: Huntington's disease is characterized by late onset mental deterioration and is invariably fatal. It…
A: The alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding trans fatty acids is FALSE? Trans fatty acids increase…
A: Lipids are the biological macromolecules and a polymer which is formed by combination of three…
Q: NADH dehydrogenase 3 gene codes for a protein in the electron transport chain. Suppose that this…
A: The function of a protein depends on their structure that also depends on several factors including…
Q: In order to see the effect the change in humidity had on the transpiration rate, what would be a…
A: Humidity and Transpiration in plants : Humidity and transpiration in plants are inversely…
Q: An exergonic reaction b. requires more energy than it releases. creates an explosion. does not…
A: The reaction in which the change in free energy is negative and the reaction proceeds with the loss…
Q: F. Gymnosperm 1. How can we distinguish between a pine cone and a spruce or fir cone? 2. What is the…
A: Given that not all conifers which produce cones are real pines, pinecones are a misnomer which…
Q: Question 5 In a rare variety of orchid pink flowers (P) are dominant over green and the presence of…
A: Dominant The allele which mask the character of another allele of same gene.
Q: Imagine you are working in a lab and studying three species of yeast, which are eukaryotic…
A: The aerobic respiration is the process in which the oxidation of the glucose molecules occurs in…
Q: Pertaining to the middle of the body medial Pertaining to the side of the body lateral Lying on the…
A: The given quetion is combination of various quetion releted human Anatomy and Physiology. Human body…
Q: The cell can use the energy released from breaking down complex molecule to build more complex…
A: Introduction : Metabolism is a term that is used to describe all chemical reactions involved in…
Q: Given our understanding of modern human genetic variation, why is the concept of race a biological…
A: Genes are the basic unit of biological inheritance which is passed down from one generation to the…
Q: Glycolysis produces two ATP and two PGAL one PGAL and one pyruvate. two CO₂. d e. two NADH two FADH₂…
A: Introduction: Food, which is present inside the cell in the form of glucose, is broken down by…
Q: Question 4 Which of the following best describes the formation of the tertiary structure of a…
A: Protein shows three level of structural organisation which includes present primary…
Q: The gene associated with the recessive disorder hemophilia is on the X chromosome, where h is the…
A: Meiosis The process of reductional cell division by which haploid gametes are formed.
Q: How do we say when a culture is properly cryopresevred? Discuss is comprehensively.
A: Culture provides an artificial condition such as it provides an ideal environment by providing…
Q: Create a concept mapping in the Historical Development of Microbiology and write a brief explanation…
A: The process of creating a concept map consists of the following steps: Pick a format that allows…
Q: 1. A. B. 2. C. A. B. BLEMS A membrane that is permeable to water separates 2 compartments of salt…
A: Introduction The movement of molecules from a region with a high concentration to one with a lower…
Blood is pushed out of the heart through a large vessel, called the aorta. The aorta then divides into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually reaching vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are so small that oxygen and nutrients can diffuse across the vessel walls and into the tissues of the body, with CO2 and waste diffusing back into the blood.
Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body?
Note: these numbers are not physiologically correct, but were chosen to make the math easier. The blood velocity through the aorta is closer to 300 mm/s. The capillaries have a total cross-sectional area of ~600,000 mm2 (6000 cm2), with a blood flow rate closer to 0.2 mm/s.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Several years ago the deaths of several airline travelers led to warnings about economy-class syndrome. The idea is that economy-class passengers dont have as much leg room as passengers in more expensive seats, so they are more likely to sit essentially motionless for long periods on flightsconditions that may allow blood to pool and clots to form in the legs. This condition is called deep-vein thrombosis, or DVT. Given what you know about blood flow in the veins, explain why periodically getting up and moving around in the planes cabin during a long flight may lower the risk that a clot will form.The pressure in the aorta changes throughout the cardiac cycle. During systole, as the heart contracts, the outflux of blood into the aorta causes an increase in pressure, whereas during diastole the pressure decreases as the heart relaxes. A simple model for the aortic pressure waveform is given by the Windkessel effect described by the image below. In this model, the heart is considered a pressure generating pump which is directly connected to an elastic compartment (the aorta), which in turn is connected to a rigid set of peripheral vessels (the hose of the firefighter). 5 Pump Heart Air Windkessel Elastic arteries In order to find the aortic pressure waveform from the Windkessel model, a mass balance formulation around the aorta must be formulated. Coming into the aorta from the heart we have the flowrate Q(t). According to conservation of mass, this inflow rate Q(t) must be equal to the outflow rate into the peripheral vessels and the change in volume of the aorta. To find these…The events of the cardiac cycle cause cyclical changes in left ventricular pressure and volume over time. Another way to represent these events is with a pressure-volume loop, as shown below. Drag the labels from the left into the appropriate boxes on the pressure- volume loop to demonstrate your understanding of the cardiac cycle. Aortic valve closure AV valve opening Systolic pressure Isovolumetric relaxation Isovolumetric contraction 120 Diastolic pressure Ventricular filling 80 End-diastolic volume Ventricular ejection 40 AV valve closure End-systolic volume Aortic valve opening 60 120 LV volume (mL) O McGraw-Hill Education Reset LV pressure (mm Hg)
- Blood flows from the heart (specifically, the left ventricle) into the aorta to feed the rest of the body oxygen. As blood flow moves from the ascending aorta and downward to the abdominal aorta, some of the volume is directed through a branching network. As the blood reaches the pelvic region, there is a bifurcation, as shown in figure, into the left and right common iliac arteries. This bifurcation is symmetrical but the common iliac vessels are not the same diameter. Given that the kinematic viscosity of blood is 4 cSt (centistokes), the abdominal aorta’s diameter is 15 mm, the right common iliac artery’s diameter is 10 mm, and the left common iliac artery’s diameter is 8 mm, determine the mean flow rate through the right common iliac artery if the abdominal aorta’s mean velocity is 30 cm/s and the left common iliac artery’s mean velocity is 40 cm/s.Fill in the table below by indicating the organ, region or vessel that the named vessel receives blood from, and the organ, region or vessel to which it delivers blood (see example for aorta and coronary arteries). If you’re doing it right, both columns will have the same answer. You will need to refer to the images in your textbook and lab models to do this. VESSELS OF THE THORACIC CAVITY Artery Blood goes to (organ/region) Blood comes from (organ/region) Vein Aorta entire systemic circuit entire systemic circuit vena cava inferior & superior coronary left & right myocardium coronary left & right Brachiocephalic Brachiocephalic subclavian left & right subclavian left & right Intercostals azygos (not pictured) Pulmonary Pulmonary VESSELS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY Artery Blood goes to (organ/region) Blood comes from (organ/region) Vein celiac trunk…As blood goes from the left ventricle through the arteries and veins of the human body, both its speed and pressure change. The arteries and arterioles can either constrict, reducing the area, or dilate, increasing the area, in response to certain conditions. Both of these changes can affect blood flow and blood pressure. An artery can also develop a permanent narrow area (stenosis) or a permanent wide area (aneurysm). Both of these changes can have significant health consequences. Suppose that in response to some stimulus a small blood vessel narrows to 90% of its original diameter. If there is no change in the pressure across the vessel, what is the ratio of the new volume flow rate to the original flow rate?A. 0.66 B. 0.73 C. 0.81 D. 0.90
- Hemodynamics are the dynamics of blood flow. Can the Bernoulli's equation be used to study hemodynamics in the cardiovascular system? Why or why not? You should discuss all four of the assumptions of Bernoulli's equation when answering this question. Jugular vein (also subclavian vein from arms) Pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Interior vena cava Hepatic vein Liver Hepatic portal vein Renal vein Iliac vein CO₂ CO₂ Head and arms Lungs Heart Kidneys Trunk and legs Carotid artery (also subclavian artery to arms) Pulmonary vein Aorta Hepatic artery Mesenteric arteries Digestive tract Renal artery Iliac arteryA stent is a device that is implanted into an occluded artery to permit increased blood flow. A permanent, yet flexible, device is needed for use as a vascular stent. What biomaterial are used to make stents?Feel free to use online resources such as Google Scholar to find this information. Guidant and Boston Scientific are two companies that currently produce coronary stents and their website will also give more information. What material is preferred to produce a blood bag and a dialysis bag, and whyWhich of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through pulmonary circulation? Group of answer choices Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary veins → left atrium Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary veins → right atrium Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary veins → left atrium Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary veins → right atrium Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary veins → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → right atrium
- One way of reducing risk of cardiovascular disease is to ensure you are getting lots of antioxidants in your diet. What antioxidants would you recommend and not recommend for someone at risk of cardiovascular disease that is also on medication that interferes with their blood’s clotting mechanism? Explain the reasons for your recommendations in one to two paragraphs. Also, list three medical conditions that can alter a person's vitamin requirements. Explain what vitamin/s would be affected and how they should alter their dietary from normal recommendations.Which of the following rows correctly identifies the movement of solutes on the arterial end and venous end of a capillary during capillary exchange with muscle tissue? Row Arterial End Venous End CO2 and wastes out of the muscle tissue cells O2 and nutrients into the muscle tissue cells CO2 and wastes into the muscle tissue cells O2 and nutrients out of the muscle tissue cells O2 and nutrients out of the muscle tissue cells CO2 and wastes into the muscle tissue cells O2 and nutrients into the muscle tissue cells CO2 and wastes out of the muscle tissue cellsIn the given table, three of the anatomical and physiological terms are similar or related; one does not belong with the other three. Choose the term that does NOT belong in each of the following groups. A B C D 1 Pulmonary Trunk Vena Cava Right Side of the Heart Left Side of the Heart 2 QRS Wave T Wave P Wave Electrical Activity of the Ventricles 3 AV Valves Closed AV Valves Opened Ventricular Systole Semilunar Valves Open 4 Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve Bicuspid Valve Left AV Valve 5 Pulmonary Valve Umbilical Artery Pulmonary Vein Superior Vena Cava