Jellico Inc.’s projected operating income (based on sales of 450,000 units) for the coming year is as follows: Total Sales $11,700,000 Total variable cost 8,190,000 Contribution margin $ 3,510,000 Total fixed cost 2,254,200 Operating income $ 1,255,800 Required: 1. Compute: (a) variable cost per unit, (b) contribution margin per unit, (c) contribution margin ratio, (d) break-even point in units, and (e) break-even point in sales dollars. 2. How many units must be sold to earn operating income of $296,400? 3. Compute the additional operating income that Jellico would earn if sales were $50,000 more than expected.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
Jellico Inc.’s projected operating income (based on sales of 450,000 units) for the coming year is
as follows:
Total
Sales $11,700,000
Total variable cost 8,190,000
Contribution margin $ 3,510,000
Total fixed cost 2,254,200
Operating income $ 1,255,800
Required:
1. Compute: (a) variable cost per unit, (b) contribution margin per unit, (c) contribution margin ratio, (d) break-even point in units, and (e) break-even point in sales dollars.
2. How many units must be sold to earn operating income of $296,400?
3. Compute the additional operating income that Jellico would earn if sales were $50,000 more
than expected.
4. For the projected level of sales, compute the margin of safety in units, and then in sales
dollars.
5. Compute the degree of operating leverage. (Note: Round answer to two decimal places.)
6. Compute the new operating income if sales are 10% higher than expected.
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