it was preferable to transport SNMP messages in unreliable UDP  datagrams. Why do you think the designers of SNMP chose UDP rather than TCP as the  transport protocol of choice for SNMP?

What issues have been found in the layer 2 protocol of the router? What does this discovery mean, if anything? Why does an ICMP request sent by a PPP-encapsulated router continue to function after the subnet of the serial interface has been changed?

Upon seeing a wireshark recording of a conversation. How exactly would one go about determining what the demultiplexing key for a TCP stream is?

When it comes to offering services, TCP is a dependable and full-duplex transport layer protocol. What do the terms "full-duplex," "connection-oriented," and "reliable delivery" all imply?

Below are the two questions, so make sure to answer each part carefully:  Why does TCP implement congestion control if it already has flow control to manage the sender's window?   Consider our recent reading [Chiu+89] Analysis of the Increase and Decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks. How does this article showcases that TCP is fair?

1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…

As two distinct protocols, TCP and UDP are amenable to comparison. I'm curious as a software architect, would choose TCP over UDP in these two specific cases.

We said that a program should use UDP for a transport layer protocol because UDP has better control over when the data is sent to a section and when (the TCP). A. Why does the program have more power about which data is sent into a segment?