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- A person consumes 100 μg of a tracer chemical. Assume that the person is able to collect all of the tracer in their urine (and therefore measure the amount that has come out of the body), as well as the concentration in the blood, as a function of time (see table). (a) Is a first-order rate constant appropriate for describingthe process of elimination via the kidneys? Justify your answer.(b) Assuming that the answer to a is “yes,” find the rate constant k and the total volume V from these data.Suppose like :- At 10 am you received a doctors order that you have to Infuse 1,000ml of PNSS in 10 hours to Mr Dela Cruz. What is the correct rate of this isotonic solution when the drop factor is 10 gtt = 1ml ? 15.73 qtts/min 31.249 qtts/min 49 qtts/min 18 qtts/min.A 28-year-old man has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 140 mg/dL and a glomerular filtration rate of 125 ml/min. The renal transport maximum for glucose in this patient is 300 mg/min. Which of the following best represents the rate of urinary glucose excretion (in mg/min) in this man? (A) 0 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 300 (E) 400
- How does moderate to severe COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) often lead to chronic respiratory acidosis? How might the kidneys compensate for this i.e explain at least 2 mechanisms which the kidney may use to do so - be sure to include hormones, cells involved. If the H+/K+ ATPase is brought into service, how would the plasma K+ concentration be affected? Lastly, how would activation of H+/K+ ATPase counteract or synergize with the actions of aldosterone?One model of the glomerular membrane is a microporous membrane in which right cylindrical pores penetrate all the way through the membrane. Assume that the pores have a length of 50 nm and a radius of 3.5 nm. The viscosity of plasma is 0.002 Pa s. The average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus is 60 mm Hg, hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space is 20 mm Hg and the average oncotic pressure of glomerular capillary blood is 28 mm Hg. A. Calculate the flow through a single pore assuming laminar flow (use the Poiseuille flow equation) B. How many pores would there have to be to produce a normal GFR? C. If the total aggregate area of the kidneys for filtration is 1.5 m2, what is the density of the pores (number of pores per unit area)? D. What fraction of the area is present as pores?Ridney function using the creatinine clearance rate. You request a 24 hour urine sample and a blood plasma creatinine test. The lab sent you the following information: - 1200 mg creatinine in the 24-hour urine sample 2.1L urine collected in 24 hours 0.8 mg/dL creatinine in plasma - 1.71 correction factor for patient's surface area a) Compute the creatinine clearance rate. Show your work and include units for full credit. b) Based on the table below, evaluate the patient's kidney function. Show your work. 5 Stages of Kidney Disease Kidney Punction/GFR Description Stage 1 Normal or High Function >90% Stage 2 Mildly Decreased Funetion 00-89% Mild to Moderately Decreased Function Stage 3 30-59% Severely Decreased Function Stage 4 15-29% Stage 5 <15% Kidney Failure
- A 5% dextrose is isoosmotic to plasma. What effect would infusion of 1L of a 5% dextrose solution have on ECF and ICF volumes? How it would affect body fluid osmolality of a 70 kg individual and why?A person consumes 100 micrograms of a tracer chemical. Assume that the person is able to collect allof the tracer in their urine (and therefore measure the amount that has come out of the body), as wellas the concentration in the blood, as a function of time (see table below).c is the value of V that you determined equal to the blood volume of the person? Does this makesense to you? If not, what does V represent?28. Know the following equation by memory and be able to calculate NFP when given numbers for each of the variables. Practice using the problem below. Net filtration pressure Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure Colloid Osmotic Pressure NFP CHP - OP a. Calculate the NFP if the capillary hydrostatic pressure = 30 mm Hg and osmotic pressure = 17 mm Hg. NFP = -
- Active transport requires the use of ATP. Identify two ions that require active transport to be selectively reabsorbed.Osmotic experiment is done using equivalent dilutions of 2% urea. Note the erythrocyte membrane permeability constants (P) for urea, sodium (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) are 152, 0.25 and 0.1 x 10-4 cm.s-1, respectively. Select all of the following which apply. The permeability constants indicate that red blood cell membranes are much more permeable to urea, thus urea will enter the cells (a permeating solute) and exerts an osmotic effect with water leaving the cells. 1% NaCl is equivalent to 2% urea, because NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl-, thus resulting in a solution of the same osmolarity as the 2% urea, which does not dissociate. The permeability constants indicate that red blood cell membranes are much more permeable to urea, thus urea will enter the cells (a permeating solute) and does not exert an osmotic effect. The permeability constants indicate that red blood cell membranes are much less permeable to urea, thus urea will not enter the cells (a…