is Chi-sequre distribution for categorical or Numerical ? what is the difference between goodness-of-fit test and a test of independence or Homogeneity ?

Outline both the null and alternative hypotheses for the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and KPSS (Kwaitowski, Phillips, Schmidt and Shin) test.

A group of international experts in fuzzy set theory were invited to classify the overall performance of two research scholars, after a lot of discussion they agreed to consider the following attributes(Creativity, presentation skills) in the classification of the scholar .design a fuzzy inference system to find how would they judge similarity of the research scholars with varying attributes ?Explain the procedure in details. Creativity Skills 1 2 3 4 5 Presentation skills 1 No creativity Bad 2 Fair Fair 3 Good Good 4 Very good 5 Excellent Very good Excellent Creativity 1 5 4 3 2 1 2 4 4 3 2 1 3 4 3 3 2 1 + 3 2 2 1 1 5 3 2 1 1 1 B- Draw the Genetic algorithm flowchart and write the code for each step.

Q2

By using propositional variables, logical connectives, and quantifiers, determine whether the argument is valid. If it is valid, what rule of inference is being used? If it is not, what logical error occurs?

Can you explain the difference between BPP (Bounded-Error Probabilistic Polynomial-Time) and BQP (Bounded-Error Quantum Polynomial-Time)? I feel like they are both in the P polynomial time area of solvability, just one deals with quantum and the other with a slightly higher level above just P.

Why Naïve Bayes is said to have high Bias, and low Variance

Question 48. Let us return to the Titanic data set. We now have learned several models and want to choose the best one. We used three different methods to validate these models: The training error rate (apparent error rate), the error rate on an external test set and the error rate estimated by a 10-fold cross validation. Training Error | Error on the test set | Cross Validation Error 0.18 Learner Decision Tree 0.22 0.21 Random Forest 0.01 0.10 0.12 1-Nearest-Neighbour 0.18 0.19 Which of the following statements are correct? a) 1-Nearest-Neighbour has a perfect training error and hence it should be used here. b) Random Forests outperforms both 1-Nearest-Neighbour and the Decision Tree in terms of prediction error. c) Not just in this case, but in general, Cross Validation is the better validation strategy and should always be preferred over the error on a single test set. d) Not just in this case, but in general, Decision Trees always perform worse than Random Forests.

Solve using theoretical fuzzy logic rules, not code

2. Can you design a binary classification experiment with 100 total population (TP+TN+FP+ FN), with precision (TP/(TP+FP)) of 1/2, with sensitivity (TP/(TP+FN)) of 2/3, and specificity (TN/(FP+TN)) of 3/5? (Please consider the population to consist of 100 individuals.)