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Interpreting redox chemistry and why nitrate in the soil decreases.

Interpreting redox chemistry and why nitrate in the soil decreases.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Interpreting redox chemistry and why nitrate in the soil decreases.

Rice has traditionally been grown under continuously flooded conditions and fertilized with ammonium sulfate immediately before flooding. In California, the invasion of new weed species has required herbicides that cannot be applied using aircraft, so the fields must be drained and allowed to dry so ground equipment can be used. Rice growers in California have started draining their fields a few weeks after planting (on May 2) so they can apply herbicides to control the weeds. After the herbicides are applied, the fields are re-flooded (on May 15). Research has shown that during the drained period, the fields accumulated nearly 30 ppm NO3 in the soil (see figure). After re-flooding, the nitrate disappeared from these fields. In the fields that were not drained but remained flooded throughout the growing season, all of the nitrogen remained as ammonium and there was no measurable nitrate in the soil (data not shown). At the end of the growing season, the rice from the drained fields had significantly less nitrogen and protein than the rice from the continuously flooded fields. Assuming no leaching losses, explain these results using what you know about processes in the nitrogen cycle and soil redox processes.
Transcribed Image Text:Rice has traditionally been grown under continuously flooded conditions and fertilized with ammonium sulfate immediately before flooding. In California, the invasion of new weed species has required herbicides that cannot be applied using aircraft, so the fields must be drained and allowed to dry so ground equipment can be used. Rice growers in California have started draining their fields a few weeks after planting (on May 2) so they can apply herbicides to control the weeds. After the herbicides are applied, the fields are re-flooded (on May 15). Research has shown that during the drained period, the fields accumulated nearly 30 ppm NO3 in the soil (see figure). After re-flooding, the nitrate disappeared from these fields. In the fields that were not drained but remained flooded throughout the growing season, all of the nitrogen remained as ammonium and there was no measurable nitrate in the soil (data not shown). At the end of the growing season, the rice from the drained fields had significantly less nitrogen and protein than the rice from the continuously flooded fields. Assuming no leaching losses, explain these results using what you know about processes in the nitrogen cycle and soil redox processes.
Reflooding begins 30 Drain Period Reflood Period 25 20 15 10 5 5/2 5/7 5/12 5/17 5/22 5/27 (udd) fON 1!OS
Transcribed Image Text:Reflooding begins 30 Drain Period Reflood Period 25 20 15 10 5 5/2 5/7 5/12 5/17 5/22 5/27 (udd) fON 1!OS
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