Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
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ISBN: 9780133923605
Author: Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher: PEARSON
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Input resistance
Output resistance
Open-loop gain
Rin=1MQ
Ro=2000
Ao=100,000
190KO
10kO
Figure. 1
(c) Explain what is the Virtual Short-Circuit (Virtual Ground) of an Op-
Amp.
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- Define operational amplifiers (op - amps) and discuss their characteristics, such as high gain, input impedance, and output impedance. Explain common op-amp configurations and their applications in signal processing and control systems.arrow_forwardExplain with the help of proper diagram and necessary derivation, How Op-Amp can be used as inverting , noninverting and difference amplifier. Assume open loop configuration.arrow_forwardi. The saturation voltage an op-amp is primarily controlled by(i) power supply (+Vcc and -Vcc)(ii) open-loop gain of the op-amp(iii) common mode gain (iv) slew ratearrow_forward
- +Vcc Vin VI Vo Vref VN -Vcc Ry RxL Figure Q.A2(e). Inverting Schmitt-trigger circuit. (ii) The operational-amplifier (op-amp) of the inverting Schmitt-trigger in Figure Q.A2(e) has saturation voltages of +Vsat = +11 V and -Vsat = -11 V. The voltage divider circuit has the relationship of Rx = 2RY with the value of RY being 100 kn. Using the relationships derived above: (a) Calculate the values of the upper threshold point (UTP or Vi*), lower threshold point (LTP or Vr). (b) Now, sketch the input-output characteristic of the inverting Schmitt- trigger. Clearly label axes, the threshold voltages and the saturation voltages in your sketch.arrow_forwardWhat is characeristics of op-amp?arrow_forward
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