Indicate the CORRECT alternative: a) Acid halides react only in the presence of a catalyst. b) The reaction of an acid chloride with an alcohol produces less of an ester than using the Fischer reaction. c) The nucleophilic substitution reaction in acid derivatives occurs through an SN1 mechanism. d) Reduction of an ester with LiAlH4 yields only secondary alcohols. e) Hydrolysis of an amide in an acid medium produces a carboxylic acid and a protonated amine.

Q1) What colors are the various forms of polyphenols when they are protonated vs deprotonated? Q2) How does the equilibrium shift when HCl is added to the equilibrium reaction? Q3) Chemically speaking, what causes the color change when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to the system?

Draw the structures of the two isomers with the molecular formula C₂H 0 that are carbonyl compounds and label as an aldehyde or a ketone.

4. Draw the chemical structure of acetic anhydride and acetyl salicylic acid.

Explain the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with nitrogen ?

Esters are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids and acid in the presence of A) alkanes B) alcohols C) alkenes D) aldehydes E) alkynes

2. What is the organic by-product in a haloform reaction? A) an ether B) a haloform C) an alcohol D) an ester E) an amide

Predict the major organic product for the following reactions Draw the condensed structural formulas for the reactants and products and name the products (organic compounds only) If there is no reaction write NR. If a compound is a hemiacetal or acetal, don't name it – just label it as "hemiacetal" or “acctal." a) 2-methyl-3-pentanone + 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol) b) Product in (a) + 2-butanol c) Complete oxidation of 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentanol (strong oxidizing agent) d) Hydration of 1,3-dimethylcyclopentene ) Intermolecular dehydration of 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutyl alcohol)

2. Complete the equation for the ester formation: Н но I || H-C - C-OH I Н Н н-с-с-O-H + I в н H₂SO4 3. Name the ester:

In organic chemistry, oxidation reactions A transform aldehydes into ketones B decrease the oxidation number of the elements involved C increase the number of carbon-oxygen bonds D) convert ketones into carboxylic acids E produce aldehydes from secondary alcohols