In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.22 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as ρ=ρ= 1000 kg/m3, cp=cp= 4000 J/kg·K, μ=μ= 2 × 10-3 kg/s·m, k=k= 0.8 W/m·K, and Pr=Pr= 10.
In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.22 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as ρ=ρ= 1000 kg/m3, cp=cp= 4000 J/kg·K, μ=μ= 2 × 10-3 kg/s·m, k=k= 0.8 W/m·K, and Pr=Pr= 10.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology (MindTap Course List)
8th Edition
ISBN:9781305578296
Author:John Tomczyk, Eugene Silberstein, Bill Whitman, Bill Johnson
Publisher:John Tomczyk, Eugene Silberstein, Bill Whitman, Bill Johnson
Chapter11: Calibrating Instruments
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 7RQ: Accuracy of a thermometer is more important in the ______temperature ranges.
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In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.22 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as ρ=ρ= 1000 kg/m3, cp=cp= 4000 J/kg·K, μ=μ= 2 × 10-3 kg/s·m, k=k= 0.8 W/m·K, and Pr=Pr= 10.
Transcribed Image Text:Determine the required heat flux, W/m².
q's
W/m²
i
Determine the surface temperature at the tube exit, in °C.
Ts,o= i
°℃
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