In the figure, a laser positioned on a ship is used to communicate with a small two- man research submarine resting on the bottom of a lake. The laser is positioned 12 m above the surface of the water, and it strikes the water 20 m from the side of the ship. The water is 76 m deep and has an index of refraction of 1.333. If the laser reaches the submarine, how far horizontally is the submarine from the side of the ship? 12 m + 20 m → 76 m

After a long day of driving you take a late-night swim in a motel swimming pool. When you go to your room, you realize that you have lost your room key in the pool. You borrow a powerful flashlight and walk around the pool, shining the light into it. The light shines on the key, which is lying on the bottom of the pool, when the flashlight is held 1.2 m above the water surface and is directed at the surface a horizontal distance of 1.5 m from the edge. If the water here is 4.0 m deep, how far is the key from the edge of the pool? (Given refractive index of water is = 1.33) 1.5 m 1.2 m 4.0 m

X rays are typically used to kill off cancer cells, however an issue some radiologists run into is the damage an x-ray may do to surrounding tissue. Because of this, accuracy plays a key role in radiation therapy. Suppose you are a medical physicist, and you have been given the task of choosing a medium with a proper index of refraction to bend the x rays such that they only hit the tumor. Suppose you know that the x ray comes in at an angle of 20 degrees with respect to the normal of your second medium. You know the tumor expands out to 5 degrees on either side of the normal what is the minimum index of refraction needed for the x ray to hit the tumor

Red light is incident in air on a 30° -60° - 90 ° prism as shown. The incident beam is directed at an angle of ₁ = 40.20 with respect to the horizontal and enters the prism at a height h = 20 cm above the base. The beam leaves the prism to the air at a distance d = 54.2 along the base as shown. 45.66 1.36 30⁰ 1) What is 2, the angle the beam in the prism makes with the horizontal axis? 71.9 d degrees Submit 2) What is n, the index of refraction of the prism for red light? dviolet d Submit Submit 02 3) What is 3, the angle the transmitted beam makes with the horizontal axis? h degrees Submit 03 degrees Submit (+) 4) What is 41,max, the maximum value of 1 for which the incident beam experiences total internal reflection at the horizontal face of the prism? degrees Submit + + 5) The red beam is now replaced by a violet beam that is incident at the same angle 1 and same height h. The prism has an index of refraction nviolet = 1.46 for violet light. Compare dviolet, the exit distance for…