In the experiment on herbivore insects consuming the leaves of oak trees (p. 22), describe how the researchers could have also conducted a natural experiment in addition to their manipulative experiment.

Researchers use control groups to help determine whether the results of their treatments are accurate.

What are the common steps that biologists and other scientists use to gather information and answer questions

Read this passage from Chronicle of the Narvaez Expedition by Alvár Nuñez Cabeza De Vaca and answer the following question. “One night, at the end of thirty days of hugging the coast when we were inextreme need of water, we heard a canoe coming toward us. Upon seeingit we waited for it to come near, but it would not approach. Although wecalled out to it, it neither came forward or turned back. Because it wasnighttime, we did not follow the canoe, but proceeded onward. At dawnwe saw a small island where we landed to search for water, in vain sincethere was none. While at anchor a great storm overtook us. Weremained there for six days without attempting to leave. Since it was fivedays since we had drunk anything our thirst was so great that we wereforced to drink salt water, and several of us took such an excess of it that we suddenly lost five men.” Use the concepts of osmosis to explain how the five men suddenlydied from drinking salt water.