In the accompanying sketch, a vertical angle of -14°30' is read to a target 3.50 m above point M. The measured inclined distance (S) is 644.15m and the elevation of point K is 320.70 m above sea level. If the height of the instrument at K is 1.27 m, the elevation of M, considering the effects of the earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction is e =-14°30' h. i. = 1.27 m K -Line of Sight S 644.15 m (Inclined Distance) Leveling Rod DE Elev K = 320.70 m RR: Elev (Unk Datum (Mean Sea Lovel) а. 478.93 m b. 157.22 m с. 158.97 m d. 162.47 m e. not included on the list

In the accompanying sketch, a vertical angle of -14°30' is read to a target 3.50 m above point M. The measured inclined distance (S) is 644.15m and the elevation of point K is 320.70 m above sea level. If the height of the instrument at K is 1.27 m, the elevation of M, considering the effects of the earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction is e =-14°30' h. i. = 1.27 m K -Line of Sight S 644.15 m (Inclined Distance) Leveling Rod DE Elev K = 320.70 m RR: Elev (Unk Datum (Mean Sea Lovel) а. 478.93 m b. 157.22 m с. 158.97 m d. 162.47 m e. not included on the list

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A BS of 5.43 ?? is taken on a level rod at a distance of 120 ??, and a FS of 8.76 ft is taken on the rod held 1,100 ?? away. a. What is the error caused by the Earth’s curvature and atmospheric refraction for the BS and FS? b. What are the correct BS and FS elevations?
The combined correction due to curvature and refraction (in m) for a distance of 2 km is:
Subject - Surveying
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