In the accompanying sketch, a vertical angle of -14°30' is read to a target 3.50 m above point M. The measured inclined distance (S) is 644.15m and the elevation of point K is 320.70 m above sea level. If the height of the instrument at K is 1.27 m, the elevation of M, considering the effects of the earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction is e =-14°30' h. i. = 1.27 m K -Line of Sight S 644.15 m (Inclined Distance) Leveling Rod DE Elev K = 320.70 m RR: Elev (Unk Datum (Mean Sea Lovel) а. 478.93 m b. 157.22 m с. 158.97 m d. 162.47 m e. not included on the list

Problem 4. Point A is in between points B and C, the distances of B and C from B and C from point A are 1000m and 2000m respectively measured from point A. The angle of elevation of point B is 18°13' while that of C as Ø. The difference in the elevation of B and C is 44.4m. Considering the effects of curvature and refraction, what is the value of Ø? (Note: Assume that point C is higher) where: Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction Correction (Her): Her(m) = 0.067 K² K (km) = level distance Her K Vertical line Horizontal line Level line

A BS of 5.43 ?? is taken on a level rod at a distance of 120 ??, and a FS of 8.76 ft is taken on the rod held 1,100 ?? away. a. What is the error caused by the Earth’s curvature and atmospheric refraction for the BS and FS? b. What are the correct BS and FS elevations?

5.A fishing vessel with a green light on its deck, 10.5m above the water, disappears from the sight of a man on shore whose eye level measures 1.60 m above the water. Determine the distance between the vessel and the man considering the effect of earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction. a) 15.45km b) 16.67m c) 17.34km d) 13,56km