In snapdragons, variation in flower color is determined by a single gene (Hartl and Jones 2005). RR individuals are red, Rr (heterozygous) individuals are pink, and rr individuals are white. In a cross between heterozygous individuals, the expected ratio of red-flowered:pink-flowered:white-flowered offspring is 1:2:1. a. The results of such a cross were 10 red-, 21 pink-, and 9 white-flowered offspring. Do these results differ significantly (at a 5% level) from the expected frequencies? b. In another, larger experiment, you count 100 times as many flowers as in the experiment in part (a) and get 1000 red, 2100 pink, and 900 white. Do these results differ significantly from the expected 1:2:1 ratio? c. Do the proportions observed in the two experiments [i.e., in parts (a) and (b)] differ? Did the results of the two hypothesis tests differ? Why or why not?

A sociologist studying New York City ethnic groups wants to determine if there is a difference in income for immigrants from four different countries during their first year in the city. She obtained the data in the following table from a random sample of immigrants from these countries (incomes in thousands of dollars). Use a 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that there is no difference in the earnings of immigrants from the four different countries. Country I Country II Country III Country IV 12.3 8.3 20.4 17.3 9.1 17.2 16.5 8.7 10.9 19.2 22.8 14.2 8.8 10.2 5.5 21.4 16.1   19.2 19.3   (b) Find SSTOT, SSBET, and SSW and check that SSTOT = SSBET + SSW. (Round your answers to three decimal places.) SSTOT =   SSBET =   SSW =   Find d.f.BET, d.f.W, MSBET, and MSW. (Round your answer to three decimal places for MSBET and MSW.) dfBET =   dfW =   MSBET =   MSW =   Find the value of the sample F statistic. (Round your answer to three decimal…

A study compares students who use a website and students who do not use the website. In addition to asking the students in the samples about GPA, each student was also asked how many hours he or she spent studying each day. The two samples (141 students who were users of the website and 68 students who were not users of the website) were independently selected from students at a large, public university. Although the samples were not selected at random, they were selected to be representative of the two populations. n USE SALT For the sample of users of the website, the mean number of hours studied per day was 1.46 hours and the standard deviation was 0.83 hours. For the sample of students who do not use the website, the mean was 2.77 hours and the standard deviation was 0.99 hours. Do these sample data provide convincing evidence that the mean time spent studying for users of the website at this university is less than the mean time spent studying by students at the university who do…