In rabbits, black color (B) is dominant to brown (b), while fullcolor (C) is dominant to chinchilla (c ch). The genes controllingthese traits are linked. Rabbits that are heterozygous for bothtraits and express black, full color are crossed to rabbits thatexpress brown, chinchilla with the following results:31 brown, chinchilla                   34 black, full16 brown, full                             19 black, chinchillaDetermine the arrangement of alleles in the heterozygousparents and the map distance between the two genes.

In cats, the locus for orange coat color is sex linked. Male cats that are black have the o+ allele, whereas those that are orange have the o allele. Females can be homozygous for the orange allele or homozygous for the black allele and will express each color, respectively. Heterozygous females are tortoise-shelled or calico, having orange and black patches. A calico cat, in addition to being heterozygous at the orange locus, also is either heterozygous or homozygous for the incompletely dominant, autosomal spotting allele (SS = large spots, Ss = small spots, ss = no spots). Manx tails are caused by a dominant trait that is lethal when homozygous. Long tails are the result of a homozygous recessive genotype. An orange male with small white spots and a manx tail is crossed to a calico female with small white spots and a manx tail. What is the probability of observing a solid black female with no spots and long tail? (Hint: All calico cats are female!)

(1.7 In 'summer squash', white colour in fruits is controlled by a dominant allele, W, and yellow colour by a recessive allele, w. At a different locus, a dominant allele, S, produces disc-shaped fruits while the recessive allele, s, produces round-shaped fruits. If disc-shaped, white homozygous fruits (WWSS) are crossed to round- shaped, yellow homozygous fruits (wwss), all F₁ progenies are disc- shaped and white (WwSs). If F₁ progenies are crossed randomly, what is the expected ratio of the phenotypes in the F2 generation?

In wobble bats coat color is determined by a single gene. A black coat is dominant to a brown coat and Dominance is complete. A homozygous black coded wobble bat is married with a brown coated wobble bat. Complete the following punnets square problems to determine the phenotypic ratio of their offspring.