In Problems 4.1 to 46, the input voltage V, is de and positive with the polarity shown. Specify how to implement the switches using a position minimal number of diodes and transistors, such that the converter Switch operates over the entire range of duty cycles OS DS 1. The switch states should vary as shown in Fig. 4.56. You may assume that the inductor current ripples and capacitor voltage ripples are small. For each problem, do the following: Dr, (a) Realize the switches using SPST ideal switches, and explicitly define the voltage and Fig. 4.56 Switch control method for Prob- current of each switch. lems 4.1 o 4.6. Express the on-state current and off-state volt- age of each SPST switch in terms of the converter inductor currents, capacitor voltages, and/or (b) input source voltage. (e) Solve the converter to determine the inductor currents and capacitor voltages, as in Chapter 2.

For the diode circuit to the right 8002 a V 1002 b 40mA 0.001V' a) To the left of points a and b, find the load-line relation by expressing the current, I with voltage, V. HINT: Write KCL equation for the circuit diagram and write I in terms of V from that KCL equation. This will be your load-line equation. b) Assume the diode has the following characteristic, using the load-line relation you found in (a), determine the operating voltage, V and current, I for the circuit. ip (mA) 20 15 10 5 Vp (V) 3.0 0.5 '1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

After solving a circuit with ideal diodes (Vf=0), what check is necessary for diodes initially assumed to be on? Off? We must check to see that reverse voltage appears across all diodes assumed to be on, and we must check to see that forward current flows in diodes assumed to be off We must check to see that forward current flows in diodes assumed to be on, and we must check to see that reverse voltage appears across all diodes assumed to be off