In one study of smokers who tried to quit smoking with nicotine patch​ therapy, 39 were smoking one year after treatment and 35 were not smoking one year after the treatment. Use a 0.10 significance level to test the claim that among smokers who try to quit with nicotine patch​ therapy, the majority are smoking one year after the treatment. Do these results suggest that the nicotine patch therapy is not​ effective?

A researcher was interested in how the effects of stress were different in people with our without military training.  A equal number of participants were recruited that either had no military experience or had completed military experience.  All participants were asked to give a speech without preparation while being judged by a panel of experts.  Their heart rates were monitored during the speech and an average heart rate was calcuated for each participant. Which statistical test would be best to determine if there is a significant difference between groups?     one-sample t-test     dependent samples t-test     independent samples t-test     ANOVA

Over the past few decades, public health officials have examined the link between weight concerns and teen girls' smoking. Researchers surveyed a group of 273 randomly selected teen girls living in Massachusetts (between 12 and 15 years old). After four years the girls were surveyed again. Sixty-three said they smoked to stay thin. Is there good evidence that more than thirty percent of the teen girls smoke to stay thin? Correctly identify the null and alternative hypotheses:

In 2015, a survey found that 38% of Americans were supportive of online education for elementary and secondary education. With the increase in contagious viruses, it is of interest if this proportion has changed. In a 2019 poll, 51% of 1028 Americans were supportive of online education for elementary and secondary education. At the 10% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the percentage of all American adults who support online education for elementary and secondary education has changed from what was believed in 2015? Choose the choice that gives the null and alternative hypothesis.

In a study of 301 Hispanic women living in San Antonia, Texas, one variable of interest was the percentage of subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). IFG refers to a metabolic stage intermediate between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes. In the study, 24 women were classified in the IFG stage. The article cites population estimates for IFG among Hispanic women in Texas as 6.3%. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate the population of Hispanic women in San Antonio has a prevalence of IFG higher than 6.3%? Use 95% confidence level and the p -value method to form your conclusion. Choose the correct null and alternative hypothesis.

A new drug to treat psoriasis has been developed and is in clinical testing. Assume that those individuals given the drug are examined before receiving the treatment and then again after receiving the treatment to determine if there was a change in their symptom status. If the initial results showed that 2.0% of individuals entered the study in remission, 77.0% of individuals entered the study with mild symptoms, 16.0% of individuals entered the study with moderate symptoms, and 5.0% entered the study with severe symptoms calculate and interpret a chi-squared test to determine if the drug was effective treating psoriasis given the information below from the final examination.   A. We reject H0 because 6628.08 is greater than 11.07. We have statistically significant evidence at the alpha equals .05 level to show that the distribution of the severity of psoriasis cases at the end of the clinical trial for the sample is different from the distribution of the severity of psoriasis…

Homechooling has become very popular in the United States, and many colleges try to attract students from this group. Evidence suggests that approximately 90% of all homeschooled children attend college. To check this claim, a random sample of 208 homeschooled children was obtained, and 180 of them were found to have attended college. The researcher wishes to determine whether the proportion of homeschool children who attend college is different from 0.90. Test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclusion. Make sure to state and check all conditions and state your conclusion in context.

Mood variation is related to photoperiod in some people, and the likelihood of depression increases in the winter months. As a result, people often assume that suicide rates increase in winter. A study in Finland (Valtonen et al. 2006) divided the year 1997 into equal halves and compared the number of suicides in “winter” (24 September to 19 March) and “summer” (remainder of year). Out of a total of 1636 suicides, 766 were in winter and 870 were in the summer. Based on these data, estimate the proportion of suicides that occurred in winter, assuming that the suicides were independent. Are the data compatible with a greater suicide rate in winter than summer, based on a 95% confidence interval?

Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive functioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the results from other research suggest that the antioxidants in foods such as blueberries may reduce and even reverse these age-related declines (Joseph et al., 1999). To examine this phenomenon, suppose that a researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who are between the ages of 65 and 75. The researcher uses a standardized test to measure cognitive performance for each individual. The participants then begin a 2-month program in which they receive daily doses of a blueberry supplement. At the end of the 2-month period, the researcher again measures cognitive performance for each participant. The results show an average increase in performance of MD = 7.4 with SS = 1215. Does this result support the conclusion that the antioxidant supplement has a significant effect on cognitive performance? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. Show your computations.

A team of epidemiologists at the Mayo Clinic wanted to find whether there is an association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). They conducted a prospective cohort study following obese and non-obese individuals who were free of CVD at the beginning of study for five years. The investigators were also interested in assessing age as a potential confounder, effect modifier, or both. Use the data below to answer the accompanying questions.     CVD No CVD Total Obese 10 90 100 Not Obese 35 465 500 Total 45 555 600       CVD No CVD Total Obese 36 164 200 Not Obese 25 175 200 Total 61 339 400   1. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were less than age 50.  2. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were older or equal to age 50.  3. Compute the crude measure of association?  4. List three attributes that age must satisfy before it could…