In E. coli, a variety of mutator strains have been identified inwhich the spontaneous rate of mutation is much higher than innormal strains. Make a list of the types of abnormalities thatcould cause a strain of bacteria to become a mutator strain. Whichabnormalities do you think would give the highest rate of spontaneousmutation?

In Oswald Avery experiment, two strains of pneumococcus bacteria were used to infect mice. Explain how the experiment discovered that DNA is the transformation agent.

what is another type of disease caused by a duplication mutation? How does it present itself?

You have sequenced the genome of the bacteriumSalmonella typhimurium, and you are using BLAST analysis to identify similarities within the S. typhimuriumgenome to known proteins. You find a protein thatis 100 percent identical in the bacterium Escherichiacoli. When you compare nucleotide sequences of theS. typhimurium and E. coli genes, you find that their nucleotide sequences are only 87 percent identical.a. Explain this observation.b. What do these observations tell you about the meritsof nucleotide- versus protein-similarity searches inidentifying related genes?