In answering the question, you should emphasize the line of reasoning that generated your results; it is not enough to list the results of your analysis. Include correctly labeled diagrams, if useful or required, in explaining your answers. A correctly labeled diagram must have all axes and curves clearly labeled and must show directional changes. The central bank in a country that has limited reserves in its banking system is considering implementing monetary policy. a. If the central bank wants to lower the policy rate, what open-market operation would be appropriate? b. Assume that the open-market operation that you indicated in part (b) is equal to $10 million. If the required reserve ratio is 0.2, calculate the maximum change in the money supply throughout the banking system. Show your work. c. Indicate the effect of the open-market operation that you indicated in part (b) on the nominal interest rate. d. Assume that the central bank's action results in some inflation. What would be the impact of the open-market operation on the real rate of interest? Explain.

A central bank is a financial institution that manages a country's monetary policy and oversees its banking system. Central banks typically have a mandate to ensure price stability and support economic growth. They are responsible for regulating the money supply, setting interest rates, and supervising commercial banks.

Central banks play a crucial role in ensuring the stability of the financial system and promoting economic growth. Their policies can have a significant impact on inflation, employment, and economic growth. As a result, central banks are closely watched by governments, financial markets, and the public.