Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337630931
Author: KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher: Cengage,
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**Transcription for Educational Website**

**Problem Statement:**
In an experiment aiming to measure the pipe roughness (ε), a pressure decrease of 40 kPa was measured across a pipe length of 1 m. The straight pipe has a constant inside diameter of 0.1 m. If the velocity of water (specific weight 9810 N/m³; kinematic viscosity: 1 x 10⁻⁶ m²/s) was 1 m/s, what is the absolute roughness of this pipe material?

**Diagram Explanation:**

The **Moody Diagram** included in the image is used to determine the friction factor in pipes for different flow conditions. 

- **Axes:**
  - The horizontal axis represents the Reynolds Number (Re), ranging from 10³ to 10⁸.
  - The vertical axis on the left is the Friction Factor, ranging from 0.01 to 0.1.
  - The vertical axis on the right is the Relative Pipe Roughness (ε/d), ranging from 5 x 10⁻⁶ to 0.05.

- **Curves:**
  - The curves on the diagram show the relationship between the Friction Factor and the Reynolds Number for different values of Relative Pipe Roughness.
  - The chart distinguishes between different flow regimes: Laminar Flow, Transition Region, and Complete Turbulence.

- **Materials Section:**
  - A table lists materials and their typical absolute roughness values (ε) in millimeters (mm):
    - Concrete, cast cement: 0.5 mm
    - Concrete, new smooth: 0.25 mm
    - Drawn Tubing: 0.0015 mm
    - Glass, Plastic Pipe: 0 mm
    - Steel, rusted: 0.15 mm
    - Steel, rusted old: 3 mm
    - Steel, encrusted with limestone: 1.5 mm
    - Steel, rusted or forged: 0.45 mm
    - Water mains, old: 3 mm

**Answer Options (Multiple Choice):**
- ○ 0.050 mm
- ○ 0.025 mm
- ○ 0.500 mm
- ○ 0.100 mm

The reader is expected to use the information provided in the problem statement and the Moody Diagram to calculate the absolute roughness of the pipe material.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website** **Problem Statement:** In an experiment aiming to measure the pipe roughness (ε), a pressure decrease of 40 kPa was measured across a pipe length of 1 m. The straight pipe has a constant inside diameter of 0.1 m. If the velocity of water (specific weight 9810 N/m³; kinematic viscosity: 1 x 10⁻⁶ m²/s) was 1 m/s, what is the absolute roughness of this pipe material? **Diagram Explanation:** The **Moody Diagram** included in the image is used to determine the friction factor in pipes for different flow conditions. - **Axes:** - The horizontal axis represents the Reynolds Number (Re), ranging from 10³ to 10⁸. - The vertical axis on the left is the Friction Factor, ranging from 0.01 to 0.1. - The vertical axis on the right is the Relative Pipe Roughness (ε/d), ranging from 5 x 10⁻⁶ to 0.05. - **Curves:** - The curves on the diagram show the relationship between the Friction Factor and the Reynolds Number for different values of Relative Pipe Roughness. - The chart distinguishes between different flow regimes: Laminar Flow, Transition Region, and Complete Turbulence. - **Materials Section:** - A table lists materials and their typical absolute roughness values (ε) in millimeters (mm): - Concrete, cast cement: 0.5 mm - Concrete, new smooth: 0.25 mm - Drawn Tubing: 0.0015 mm - Glass, Plastic Pipe: 0 mm - Steel, rusted: 0.15 mm - Steel, rusted old: 3 mm - Steel, encrusted with limestone: 1.5 mm - Steel, rusted or forged: 0.45 mm - Water mains, old: 3 mm **Answer Options (Multiple Choice):** - ○ 0.050 mm - ○ 0.025 mm - ○ 0.500 mm - ○ 0.100 mm The reader is expected to use the information provided in the problem statement and the Moody Diagram to calculate the absolute roughness of the pipe material.
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