
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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
Transcribed Image Text:**Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systemic Effects Beyond Joints**
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly known for its inflammatory effects on diarthrodial joints, such as those in the hands and feet. However, RA is a systemic condition that can also impact various tissues and organs throughout the body. Understanding these potential effects is crucial for comprehensive disease management.
**Potential Affects Beyond Joints:**
- **Cardiac tissues:** RA can cause inflammation in the heart tissues, potentially leading to conditions such as pericarditis and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. (Checked in the list)
- **Pulmonary tissues:** Although not checked in the image, rheumatoid arthritis can affect pulmonary tissues, leading to interstitial lung diseases, pleuritis, and pulmonary fibrosis.
- **Renal tubular cells:** Rheumatoid arthritis can involve the kidneys, potentially causing complications such as interstitial nephritis or glomerulonephritis, although it's not indicated as checked in the image.
- **Hepatic tissues:** RA can also affect the liver, potentially through related conditions or the side effects of medications used to treat RA. This is not checked in the provided list but remains a possible complication.
**Visual Breakdown of Effects:** (Checkbox Graph)
The image uses checkboxes to indicate areas affected by rheumatoid arthritis:
- **Cardiac tissues:** ☑
- **Pulmonary tissues:** ☐
- **Renal tubular cells:** ☐
- **Hepatic tissues:** ☐
Understanding the systemic nature of RA underscores the importance of comprehensive care and monitoring for early signs of complications in these various tissues and organs.
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