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- In a patient of 60 years old after the surgical removal of stomach cancer and subsequent treatment, an enlarged lymph node in the left supraclavicular area was detected. Atypical cells, which were similar to the cells of a previously removed tumor, were found after the biopsy of this lymph node, Questions: 1) What typical pathological process (TPP) has developed in the lymph node? 2) Indicate the stages of this TPP. 3) Indicate possible ways of tumor cells spreading throughout the body.In a patient of 60 years old after the surgical removal of stomach cancer and subsequent treatment, an enlarged lymph node in the left supraclavicular area was detected. Atypical cells, which were similar to the cells of a previously removed tumor, were found after the biopsy of this lymph node, Questions: 4) What is the name of tumor cells spreading throughout the body? 5) What is the difference between tumor cells and normal cells?Why are the axillary lymph nodes often biopsied in cases of suspected breast cancer?
- Why can metastasizing cancer cells get into the lymphaticsystem more easily than they can enter the bloodstream?Explain why chemotherapy and radiation may berecommended following surgery for breast cancer evenwhen no lymph nodes appear to be involved.Which is not characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma in the following options A.randomness and uncertainty of the site of the disease B.lymph nodes are the primary source in about 90% of cases, the disease usually starts from one or a group of lymph nodes and gradually spreads to nearby lymph nodes C. tumor cells are a unique type of tumor giant cells, which only account for 1-5% of all cell components in the pathological tissues D. R-S cells in tumor tissues of different cases or in different pathological stages of the same case are different E. in the later stages of HL, the bone marrow may be involved in about 10% of cases
- he classic signs of inflammation are that the tissue becomes hot, swollen, and painful, and the coloration of the overlying skin may change color slightly or significantly. Explain in detail the microscopic levels that occur that cause these macroscopic signs to appear (hot, swollen, painful, color change). How are these microscopic changes beneficial in terms of fighting infection? Are there any other microscopic events that are not immediately reflected in the macroscopic signs of inflammation?In some cases of breast cancer, many of the axillary lymphnodes are removed. Why are injections not usually doneon the affected arm?A 42-year-old woman presents with an enlarged supraclavicular lymph node. The patient is HIV positive and takes antiviral medications. A lymph node biopsy is shown in the image. The tumor cells express B cell antigens and are positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? (A) Follicular lymphoma (B) Hodgkin lymphoma (C) Large B-cell lymphoma (D) MALT lymphoma (E) Mantle cell lymphoma
- S.M.was recently diagnosed with Hodgkin disease and scheduled for a staging procedure. His previous axillary lymph node biopsy result was positive for Reed-Sternberg cells. The surgeon charted the results of the staging procedure as “stage I.” What is the purpose of the staging procedure for S.M.? (List 2 reasons for staging.) How does Hodgkin lymphoma spread in the body, and what does “stage I” signify for S.M.? (Describe how Hodgkin disease spreads and explain the meaning of “Stage I.”) What is the difference between Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma? (Outline the primary difference, then outline the various pathophysiologic aspects of each disease., along with symptoms.) What is the prognosis and predicted therapy for S.M.now that he has been diagnosed with stage I Hodgkin disease? (List the 5 year survival rate of Hodgkin disease and outline the treatment plan for Stage I Hodgkin disease. Also, explain how the treatment would differ if it is discovered that…Jordan has an enlarged lymph node along the side of his neck,and he is worried that the structure may be a lymphoma. Whatare some criteria to help distinguish between infected lymphnodes and malignant lymph nodes? If the lymph node werecancerous, how would a physician determine if the cancer hasspread to other parts of the body?A.S. was recently diagnosed with Hodgkin disease and scheduled for a staging procedure. His previous axillary lymph node biopsy result was positive for Reed-Sternberg cells. The surgeon charted results of the staging procedure as “stage I.” 3. What is the difference between Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma?