In a duopoly, firm X and firm Y decide to collude on setting a high price. If both firms cooperate by charging the high price, they can both make high profits of $50 million each. If one of the firms decides to cheat and undercut it's competitor by lowering price (while the competitor does not cheat and charges the agreed-upon high price), then it can make very high profits since it will gain market share at the expense of the competitor – the cheating firm will earn $80 million while the non-cheating firm will suffer a loss of $10 million. If both firms cheat and set a low price, then they will both make lower profits of $30 million each. The payoffs for the firms are shown in the matrix below. Charge High Price Charge Low Price Charge High Price $50, $50 -$10, $80 Charge Low Price $80, -$10 $30, $30 a. What is the dominant strategy for Firm X? What is the dominant strategy for Firm Y? b. Find the Nash equilibrium, including the payoffs that each firm makes in the equilibrium?

Name: Name: Name: $/unit 25 1 Fertilizing Fish When farmers fertilize their fields, the nitrogen from the fertilizer can get washed into streams which then feed into larger rivers. This "runoff" can cause damage to ecosystems and reduce the number of fish that can be caught by fishermen farther downstream. 20 Who are the producers of fertilizer? Who are the consumers of fertilizer? Who are the third parties affected by the externality? The graph below shows the market for fertilizer where P=2+0.5Q, and P = 20 - Qd. The marginal external cost of fertilizer = Q. This means, for example, if 3 units of fertilizer are used then the last unit of fertilizer causes fishermen to suffer a $3 loss...however, they are worse off by $1 from the first unit and $2 from the second unit as well for a total welfare loss of $6. What is the equation for your new curve? Label the curves on the graph, indicating if they're S or D, private or social. Draw & label a new curve demonstrating the externality. 15…

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Please work these out both parts do not understand