Imagine you are designing an optical fibre for endoscopy: if you use glass with a refractive index of 1.4 for the cladding, what refractive index do you need for the core to achieve a critical angle of 45°?
Refraction of Light
Refraction is a change in the direction of light rays when they travel from one medium to another. It is the bending of light when it goes through different media.
Angle of Refraction
Light is considered by many scientists to have dual nature, both particle nature and wave nature. First, Particle nature is one in which we consider a stream of packets of energy called photons. Second, Wave nature is considering light as electromagnetic radiation whereas part of it is perceived by humans. Visible spectrum defined by humans lies in a range of 400 to 700 nm wavelengths.
Index of Refraction of Diamond
Diamond, the world’s hardest naturally occurring material and mineral known, is a solid form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. They exist in a huge variety of colours. Also, they are one of the best conductors of heat and have a very high melting point.
Imagine you are designing an optical fibre for endoscopy: if you use glass with a refractive index of 1.4 for the cladding, what refractive index do you need for the core to achieve a critical angle of 45°?
b) If a Doppler shift of 1636 Hz is measured in the ascending aorta using a 2MHz ultrasound transducer with a 0° Doppler angle, what is the flow velocity?
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