If there is an overall significant F in a one way ANOVA, can we conclude that the group membership or treatment variable caused the observed differences in the group means? Why or Why not?

This is a basic statistic used in Meta-analysis and is used to measure meaningfulness of an outcome:     Alpha level     Effect size     Power     R-value

An ANOVA would help establish a cause-effect relationship true or false?

Suppose a researcher studied sleeping patterns in second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children, and there were 7 students in each group, showing sleep periods in minutes below.     Grade   2nd 4th 6th   580 525 562 570 575 532 594 497 565 543 478 537 552 517 525 506 455 493 537 532 490             Mean minutes participants slept 562.57 527.00 505.43   Suppose the researcher found significant ANOVA test result: the observed F statistic is 7.14 at alpha= .05 level, and the researcher made the decision to reject the null hypothesis. Finish up the ANOVA test with your interpretation in terms of the research question (you do not need to perform the test, just provide interpretation based the information available). Your interpretation:       Given MSerror= 41, conduct the Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test to determine which groups differed significantly from one another. Include your calculation work, and show each comparison and state the outcome of each…