Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078022159
Author: Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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If random access memory (RAM) and cache memory (both of which are comprised of transistors), then what is the function of cache memory? Do we need several different forms of memory, or can we get by with only one?
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- A certain microprocessor requires either 2, 3, 4, 8, or 12 machine cycles to perform various operations. A total of 25% of its instructions require 2 machine cycles, 20% require 3 machine cycles, 17.5% require 4 machine cycles, 12.5% require 8 machine cycles, and 25% require 12 machine cycles.Q) Suppose this system requires an extra 20 machine cycles to retrieve an operand from memory. It has to go to memory 40% of the time. What is the average number of machine cycles per instruction for this microprocessor, including its memory fetch instructions?arrow_forwardWhy do we need cache memory when we already have RAM (Random Access Memory), which is a kind of memory that is believed to be volatile?Random access memory, also known as cache memory, and RAM both employ the same kind of electrical components known as transistors. If it is even conceivable to do so, would it be possible to employ only one kind of memory to carry out all of a computer's functions?arrow_forwardIn the table below, to have 8 memory addresses where each memory address holds one byte of data (byte-addressable), we need 3 bits to index every address. (check image) If you have 64 GiB of RAM memory, then how many bits are needed to have memory addresses for every byte-addressable memory location?arrow_forward
- A 32-bit computer has 32 registers, and a memory addressed by bytes with two cycles for reading and writing operations. Consider the instruction ADD, R1, addr. This instruction adds the value stored in R1 to the value stored in the memory address addr, and stores the result in the register R1. a) Show a possible format for this instruction, having into account that the computer has 100 machine instructions and the addresses are represented using 32 bits. b) Indicate the elemental operations and control signals needed to execute the previous instruction.arrow_forwardOn the Motorola 68020 microprocessor, a cache access takes two clock cycles. Data access from main memory over the bus to the processor takes three clock cycles in the case of no wait state insertion; the data are delivered to the processor in parallel with delivery to the cache. a. Calculate the effective length of a memory cycle given a hit ratio of 0.9 and a clocking rate of 16.67 MHz. b. Repeat the calculations assuming insertion of two wait states of one cycle each per memory cycle. What conclusion can you draw from the results?arrow_forwardmy friend asked and it was all wrong, please solve it correct againarrow_forward
- On the Motorola 68020 microprocessor, a cache access takes two clock cycles. Data access from main memory over the bus to the processor takes three clock cycles in the case of no wait state insertion; the data are delivered to the processor in parallel with delivery to the cache. a. Calculate the effective length of a memory cycle given a hit ratio of 0.9 and a clocking rate of 16.67 MHz. b. Repeat the calculations assuming insertion of two wait states of one cycle each per memory cycle. What conclusion can you draw from the results?arrow_forwardIn a computer with a 32-bit data-bus, how many 4-bit wide memory components are used? the answer to this part is 32/4 = 8 components (2-bit wide) I need the answer to part two, please If the size of each 4-bit memory component is 4 xn cells where n = 1G (i.e., 4 x n uniquely addressable locations-n: row, 4:2 column/width), what is the total capacity of the memory system? Show your answer in power of 2. (hint: 1000 - 210)arrow_forwardConsider memory storage of a 64-bit word stored at memory word 32 ina byte-addressable memory(a) What is the byte address of memory word 32?(b) What are the byte addresses that memory word 32 spans?(c) Draw the number 0xF1234567890ABCDE stored at word 32 in both big-endianand little-endian machines. Clearly label the byte address corresponding to eachdata byte value.arrow_forward
- Computer Architecture (Already submit this question, but I think I got wrong solution) Consider a computer that has a number of registers such that the three registers R0 =1500, R1 = 4500, and R2 = 1000 Show the effective address of memory and the registers’ contents in each of the following instructions 1. ADD (R1), R2 2. MOVE 500(R0), R2 3. ADD (40), R1 4. SUBTRACT (5000), R2 5. ADD #30, R2arrow_forwardComputer Sciencearrow_forwardThe rationale behind the inclusion of cache memory in computer systems is not clear to me, given that transistors are utilised in the construction of both random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).Temporary storage can be conceptualised as a transiently available form of RAM (random access memory). Can one envision a computing device that solely relies on a single type of memory?arrow_forward
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