If in a population 60% of people own an iPhone, 45% of people own an Android phone, and 37% own both types of phone. Are "owning an iPhone" and "owning an Android" independent outcomes? Cannot tell from the given information. Yes, they are independent. No, they are dependent.

A researcher designs an intervention to combat anti-Arab oppression. She also designs a questionnaire to measure anti-Arab oppression so she can test the participants' level of anti-Arab oppression before and after the intervention. She tests one version of her questionnaire with 45 statements and a shorter version with 12 statements. In both questionnaires, the participants respond to each statement with a rating on a 5-point Likert scale with 0 equaling "strongly disagree" and 4 equaling "strongly agree." The overall score for each participant is the mean of his or her ratings for the different statements on the questionnaire. Look at the following graphs. Graph I graphs the results from the long version, and Graph II graphs the results from the short version. Graph I Graph II PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS 8 8 7 7 6 6 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 2 4 LONG QUESTIONNAIRE SCORE SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE SCORE Complete the following sentences by trusting your eyes to see meaningful differences in the two…

Having a brother increases one's monthly earnings by $200." Why is this an example of an incomplete causal statement?

We discuss how to test for an association between two categorical variables in Section 6.8. A marine research team records the number of fish from 3 species that they find at different depth categories in the ocean.   They are interested in assessing whether or not there is a relationship between the depth category (close to surface, mid-level, ocean floor) and the fish species found (species A, species B, species C). A two-way table showing the classification of a sample of 150 observations is given below.   If the variables for the ocean depth category and the species are independent, how would you calculate the expected number of fish that are at the mid-level and from species C? Expected number =

Several friends charted a boat for a day's fishing. They caught a total of 51 fish. The table below provides information about the type and number of fish caught. determine the empirical probablity that the next fish caught is a flounder. Grouper - 15 Shark - 17 Flounder - 8 Kingfish - 11

A doctor wanted to study the effect of four different treatments on mental health. A group of 100 adults experiencing depression volunteered for the study. The doctor randomly assigned one-fourth of them to each of four groups. Group 1 followed a specific exercise plan, group 2 followed a specific diet plan, group 3 followed an exercise and diet plan, and group 4 did not follow any plan. After 4 weeks, the doctor contacted each participant and asked them if they felt any better. The results are displayed in the table.    The doctor would like to know if these data provide convincing evidence that the distribution of responses differs across the treatment groups in the population of all patients like these. The random condition is met. The 10% condition is not needed because random sampling did not take place. This table of expected counts shows that all expected counts are at least 5.   What is the value of the chi-square test statistic? χ‑2 = 5.03 χ‑2 = 6.26 χ‑2 = 25.33 χ‑2 = 39.22