If a potential antigen is too small to be recognized by the immune system, can it be made to be recognizable by the immune system? Yes

An antigen acts is a molecule that acts like a name tag, allowing the immune system to recognize the cell it is attached to. The name tag might say: "Hello I'm... a deadly virus," or “Hello I'm... a healthy human cell." It is very important that an antigen for a deadly virus and a healthy human cell are very different, so that the immune system does not make a mistake and attack healthy human body cells. Which of the following molecules do you think would make good antigens for recognizing a pathogen? Justify your answer. You may choose more than one. 1) a cell wall protein 2) a piece of DNA inside a cell 3) a protein that is part of a flagella 4) a uniquely shaped protein that is part of a virus 5) a protein that is only made by prokaryotic cells 6) a protein that is only made by eukaryotic cells

Draw a graph showing antibody response on primary and secondary exposure to an antigen.

What type(s) of biological molecule(s) are the best at inducing immune responses? What properties make these molecules good antigens? (Remember: the biological molecules are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids)

Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies help rid the body of invading microbes? Agglutination whereby the bacteria are clumped together. Identifying viruses for elimination by NK cells Non-antibody dependent activation of complement Autoimmune disease

Because there are millions of different antigens/pathogens, the number of lymphocytes per clone is (large or small).

True/False: Like innate sensors of infections (TLRs, NLRs, RLRs), antibodies frequently recognize nucleic acids of pathogenic organisms

A process that involves macrophages and eosinophils bound to the stem region of antibody molecules, producing substances that damage large parasites (e.g., worms), is called: Naturally acquired passive immunity Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity Complement-mediated lysis None of the other four answers are the correct name of this process

All of the following are true of the lymphatic system, EXCEPT: Lymphatic capillaries lie in close physical proximity to arterial and venous capillaries None of the other four answers (all are true of the lymphatic system) Lymph nodes are located at lymphatic vessel junctions It brings microbial antigens into contact with immunologically active cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) Its only important function is to carry interstitial fluid back to the circulatory system

Define antigen and antibody