If a mutation occurs such that photosystem II no longer functions as efficiently as it should, which of the answer choices would be most directly affected? the amount of O2 produced the rate at which NADPH is produced the rate at which protons are transported into the thylakoid the rate of ATP synthesis by ATP synthase in the chloroplast

If a mutation occurs such that photosystem II no longer functions as efficiently as it should, which of the answer choices would be most directly affected? the amount of O2 produced the rate at which NADPH is produced the rate at which protons are transported into the thylakoid the rate of ATP synthesis by ATP synthase in the chloroplast

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter21: Photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18P: The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic NADP+ Reduction What is the overall free energy...

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The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)
The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic NADP+ Reduction What is the overall free energy change (G) for noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport? 4 (700-nm photons) + 4 (680-nm photons) + 2 H2O + 2 NADP+O2 + 2 NADPH + 2H+
Which of the following substances does not participate in the Calvin-Benson cycle? a. ATP c. NADPH e. PGAL b. O2 d. RuBP f. CO2
The light reactions in chloroplasts power the creation of ATP via chemiosmosis. In relation to this process, which of the following is true? 1. ATP synthase breaks ATP down into ADP, creating energy to fuel chemiosmosis.2. Oxygen is used as a source of electrons to replace those lost in photosystem II.3. Chemiosmosis during the light reactions is also used in the reduction of NADPH and FADH2.4. As excited electrons fall back down to a lower energy state, they create a proton gradient that is used to fuel the phosphorylation of ADP.
In chloroplasts, protons are pumped out of thestroma across the thylakoid membrane, whereas in mito-chondria, they are pumped out of the matrix across thecrista membrane. Explain how this arrangement allowschloroplasts to generate a larger proton gradient acrossthe thylakoid membrane than mitochondria can generateacross the inner membrane.
In the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, what specifically happens in the electron transport chain between Photosystem II and Photosystem I? The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem II is transferred to pheophytin and plastoquinones, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to plastocyanin. Plastocyanin then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem I. The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem I is transferred to pheophytin and plastoquinones, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to plastocyanin. Plastocyanin then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem II. The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem I is transferred to plastocyanin, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to pheophytin and plastoquinones. Plastoquinone then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem II.…
If you could replace all of the plant ATP synthase with ATP synthase enzymes from animal cells, oriented such that the Fo complex was in the thylakoid membrane with the open channel facing the thylakoid space, and the F1 complex was present in the stroma, how would this affect the ability of photosystem II to generate ATP? Assume that the animal cell ATP synthase functions normally in the chloroplast after replacement.
Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
Identify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loop
As electrons move through the electron transport chain of photosystem II, they lose en- ergy. What happens to this energy? A B с D It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. It is used to produce NADPH, which accepts electrons from photosystem I. It excites the electrons in photosystem I. The energy is transferred to unusable heat energy and is lost by the system.
What process or processes produce the proton gradient that powers ATP synthase in chloroplasts? (Select ALL correct answers) Protons are produced when water is split Protons are produced when NADP+ is reduced OA proton pump uses light energy to move protons into the thylakoid space O A proton pump uses energy from the electron transport chain to move protons into the thylakoid space
In the Light Reaction of Photosynthesis, the sun excites electrons in pigment molecules in the photosystems. These excited electrons and (H+ ions) go through electron transport systems. Keep in mind that if this process continued as stated, the pigment molecules would run out of electrons, but fortunately there is a way in which the excited electrons are replaced. Explain how the electrons are ultimately replaced and what the important byproduct is.