If a firm with a positive NPV refunding project delays refunding and interest rates rise, the firm can still obtain the entire NPV by locking in a low coupon rate when the rates are low, even though it actually refunds the debt after rates have risen.  Explain why this is true or false

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“Even in an efficient market, it is still valid to seek out a ‘favourable’ rate of return from an equity investment. In an efficient market, one security is as good as any other.”  Do you agree? Why?

Increasing leverage lowers the firm’s risk position, yielding the risk-return trade-off. True or False

Suppose the management of a firm is trying to allocate liquid assets to two accounts, one of which is riskless but pays no interest, while the other offers a risky return. Assume the rate of return r on the second account is uniformly distributed over the range [-0.5, 0.5]. Let R denote the amount currently available for allocation to the two accounts, and S denote the amount invested in the risky asset. Suppose management would like to make the next period investment value as large as possible but subject to the condition that R + Sr not fall below 95% of the original value of R too often so that if the investment falls below 95% of its original value, it should not do so more than 25% of the time. Calculate the ratio of investment and the amount available, that is, a = R

Both EV-to-EBITDA and PE multiples can be linked to interest rates through the discount rate used in discounted cash flow valuation. Holding all else equal, when discount rates are higher, valuation ratios are lower. Perhaps because of this, we tend to see stock prices as well as, the value of private business transactions decline when interest rates increase. Macroeconomists like to describe interest rates as consisting of two components: the real interest rate component and an expected inflation component. In some situations, increases in interest rates are the result of an increasing real interest rate; in other situations, the cause of an interest rate increase is an increase in expected inflation. How might valuation ratios be expected to respond to an interest rate increase generated by an increase in expected inflation versus an interest rate increase that represents an increase in real interest rates?

If banks suddenly start to pay interest on all demand deposits, their interest rate margin would:  a) become larger  b) become smaller  c) be unaffected

In a CDO structure, when economic condition turns out to be better than previously expected, the cash flow from the pool of underlying assets (such as mortgage loans or consumer loans) is more than the level reflected in the original(previous) pricing of the tranches. In this scenario, which tranche’ rate of return will turn out to be higher than others? → (1) Senior tranche; (2) Mezzanine tranche; (3) Junior tranche;

8. Which of the following does the trade-off theory predict? A. Bankruptcy costs mean having no debt is always optimal. B. Reducing leverage always reduces firm value. C. In the long run the firm's capital structure converges to the optimal one. D. None of the above.

Funding risk is the risk that a firm will not be able to meet its short-term financial obligations when due.   Select one: True False