(i). Identify that or those of the fundamental hypotheses that are systematically violated. (ii). Indicate the consequences of the violation of those fundamental hypotheses on the ordinary least squares estimation of the specified model. (iii). Suggest an alternative estimation approach which corrects for the identified violation.
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![(i).
A. Suppose the relationship between consumption expenditures and household
income of a representative sample of households in Ghana is specified as,
Y₁ = B₁ + B₂X₁ + ε₁,
where i refers to household i, and i = 1, 2,..., n
It is believed that while low income households have similar and less flexible
consumption habits, high income households have rather flexible and varied
consumption habits.
(ii).
The consumption pattern so described corresponds to a situation where at least
one of the fundamental assumptions to the Classical Linear Regression Model is
violated,
Identify that or those of the fundamental hypotheses that are systematically
violated.
Indicate the consequences of the violation of those fundamental hypotheses on
the ordinary least squares estimation of the specified model.
(iii). Suggest an alternative estimation approach which corrects for the identified
violation.
L
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- 3. You are curious to understand if there is a relationship between the average grade (in %) that students received in Assignment 1, 2, and 3 of ECOR 2050 (assignments that covered midterm material) and their grade (in %) in the Midterm of the course. You are limited to collect 7 sets of data (midterm vs average assignments). For that, you can check the google sheets to find grades of assignment 1, 2, and 3 and midterm for 7 students. You should be careful that your data set is not biased. a) Collect the information and record them in the table below (please use a typed table/numbers as we need to copy/paste your numbers into Excel for checking your solution and marking). Mention how you ensured that your data set is random and unbiased. Student 2 3 4 6. 7 Grade (%) Average of Assignment 1, 2, and 3 (assignments before midterm) Midterm b) Using the collected information, conduct a simple linear regression analysis and find the regression line. Also, estimate the coefficient of…The Admission director for a college far from mart and town believes that an inverse relationship exists between a private college's average discount rate(determined by the average amount of scholarships students receive) and the annual yield (the percentage of admitted students who actually attend). The Director's independent variable is a private college's discount rate measured as a percentage, and the dependent variable is the college's annual yield measured as a percentage. The following results were obtained for a sample of 30 private colleges: x- Discount rate(percentage) - range: 35 to 72 percent y- Annual Yield(percentage) - range: 12 o 81 percent Σxi = 1612 Σyi = 898 Σxiyi = 44,377 Σxi2 = 89,790 Σyi2 = 35,704 a. Calculate the sample regression line's slope estimate. Interpret the sample regression line's slope estimate. b. Calculate the sample regression line's intercept estimate. Interpret the sample regression line's intercept estimate. Assume the following sum of…1. We obtain the following supply curve of computers from a regression of quantity supplied on price in a market: Q = 7.527 + 0.00063 P, where Q is quantity supplied of computers measured in units, P is price measured in dollars per unit. We know 674.725 and 2930.549. Based on this information, if price increases by one dollar, quantity supplied increases by ____ units. (Only type in the number in your answer, do not type in "units" again.) 2. We obtain the following demand curve of beef in a market: Q = 44506.941 - 3338.553 ln(P), where Q is quantity demanded of beef measured in pounds, P is price measured in dollars per pound. We know 8.781 and 13016.956. Based on this information, if price increases by 1 dollar, quantity demanded decreases by ____%. (Only type in the number in your answer, do not type in the percentage sign "%" again.)
- 1. (10 ) According to the PayScale data from 2021, the average starting salaries by college major for bachelor's degree are as follows: $70,600 for mechanical engineering, $56,700 for economics, $43,500 for chemistry, and $47,000 for philosophy. In order to estimate the true difference in the average starting salaries by college major in 2022, 60 graduates with these four majors from the class of 2022 were contacted and questioned about their starting salaries. Propose a regression model with dummy variables that could be used to investigate if starting salaries are different by college major and interpret all the coefficients in the model. 0.000The relationship between United States unemployment and inflation rates during the Covid-19 pandemic. Background The covid-19 pandemic has led to higher unemployment rates in the United States than normal because many people were laid off jobs in response to the pandemic (Al-Fadly, 2020). It is important to analyze how such as sharp increase in unemployment affected inflation in relation to how unemployment have traditionally affected inflation. The overall relationship between unemployment and inflation has traditionally been an inverse one. It is argued that when unemployment rates are higher, the number of individuals who are looking for jobs usually becomes higher than the number of job positions that are available (Putnam & Azzarello, 2015). In such a situation, employers tend to pay lower wages because there is abundance of workers which naturally leads to a lower wage inflation. This study will examine the relationship between unemployment rates and inflation rate during…4. For each of the following situations, state the independent variable and the dependent variable. a. A study is done to determine if elderly drivers are involved in more motor vehicle fatalities than other drivers. The number of fatalities per 100,000 drivers is compared to the age of drivers. b. A study is done to determine if the weekly grocery bill changes based on the number of family members. c. Insurance companies base life insurance premiums partially on the age of the applicant. d. Utility bills vary according to power consumption. e. A study is done to determine if a higher education reduces the crime rate in a population
- Q1) Monthly sales for a six month period are as follows Month Sales Jan 18,000 Feb 22,000 Mar 16,000 Apr 18,000 May 20,000 June 24,000 Compute the sales forecast for July using the following approaches: (1) Four-month moving average; (2) Weighted three-month moving average using .50 for June, .30 for May and .20 for April; (3) Exponential smoothing with α (smoothing constant) equal to .40, assuming a February forecast of 18,0002. The following data relate to advertising expenditure (in lakh of rupees) and their corresponding sales (in crores of rupces) : Advertising Expenditure 10 12 15 23 20 Sale 14 17 23 25 21 Estimate (i) the sales corresponding to advertising expenditure of. and (ii) the advertising expenditure for a sales target of . 30 lakhs .35 crores.1. (Prob. 11-12, p. 438) An article in the Journal of Environmental Engineering (1989, Vol. 115(3), pp. 608–619) reported the results of a study on the occurrence of sodium and chloride in surface streams in central Rhode Island. The following data are chloride concentration y (in milligrams per liter) and roadway area in the watershed x (in percentage). y 4.4 6.6 9.7 10.6 10.8 10.9 0.19 0.15 0.57 0.70 0.67 0.63 y 11.8 12.1 14.3 14.7 15.0 17.3 0.47 0.70 0.60 0.78 0.81 0.78 y 19.2 23.1 27.4 27.7 31.8 39.5 0.69 1.30 1.05 1.06 1.74 1.62 a. Draw a scatter diagram of the data. Does a simple linear regression model seem appropriate here? b. Fit the simple linear regression model using the method of least squares. Find an estimate of o?. C. Estimate the mean chloride concentration for a watershed that has 1% roadway area. d. Find the fitted value corresponding to x = 0.47 and the associated residual.
- Q. No. 3. To the Board of Revenue , the deductions depends on the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. Large deductions, which include charity and medical deductions, are more reasonable for taxpayers with large adjusted gross incomes. If a taxpayer claims larger than average itemized deductions for a given level of income, the chances of an audit are increased. Data (in thousands of dollars) on adjusted gross income and the average or reasonable amount of itemized deductions are as follows: a. Develop a scatter diagram with adjusted gross income as the independent variable.b. Determine the correlation coefficient.c. Determine the standard error of estimated. Determine the coefficient of determination and interpret it.e. At the .05 significance level, is it reasonable to conclude that there is a positive relationship between the variables? What is the p-value?f. Develop the estimated regression equation.g. Estimate a reasonable level of total itemized deductions for a taxpayer with an…2. Mukvidin, Mahathir, Najib and Anwar have obtained the following data for their econometric group assignment. They wanted to study on the implications of tourism receipt on the national income for Malaysia. They used GDP growth as dependent variables, tourism receipt (TR), exchange rate (ER) and inflation (INF) as independent variables. They model used in the study are GDP; = Bo + B1 In TR; + B2ER; + BaINF, Table below shows the data for the estimation. GDP Growth Tourism Receipts Exchange Rate (USS) 5,044,000,000 5,732,000,000 4,925,000,000 3,237,000,000 4,403,000,000 5,873,000,000 7,627,000,000 ৪,084,000,000 6,799,000,000 9,183,000,000 10,389,000,000 12,280,000,000 17,948,000,000 18,553,000,000 17,231,000,000 19,619,000,000 21,338,000,000 21,711,000,000 23,283,000,000 24,469,000,000 19,194,000,000 19,682,000,000 20,311,000,000 21,775,000,000 22,199,000,000 Inflation Year 1995 1996 1997 (RM per USS) 2.5073 2.5154 9.8291 10.0027 3.4506 3.4886 2.6625 5,2703 2.7446 1.5347 1.4168 1.8079…1. In an investigation of environmental causes of disease, data were collected on the annual mortality rate (deaths per 100 000) for males in 61 large towns in England and Wales. In addition, the water hardness was recorded as the calcium concentration (parts per million, ppm) in the drinking water. Below, we provide some descriptive statistics for both variables, i.e. mortality and calcium concentration. (a) For each variable (i.e. calcium concentration and mortality) describe its distribution in shape.(b) For each variable, are there any outliers in the sample? (Explain.)(c) Suppose that the towns in the sample are either South or North of Derby.
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