I just need to understand overfitting and underfitting more clearly.....

You are a paranoid delusional statistician with far too much time on your hands. One day, you sit down to have a bowl of soup. This bowl of soup happens to be Tic-Tac-Toe themed, meaning that you stir have some noodles that are shaped like an X, and some that are shaped like an O. As your soup, you notice that this bowl seems to have a particularly high number of X- you shaped noodles in it. Being paranoid, you conclude that this has some meaning-like someone is trying to give you a message, possibly warning you of the dangers of x-rays. You jump out of your seat and run to get your x-ray-proof cape, and then you pause for a moment and think that you should calculate a chi-square statistic for the frequency of X-shaped noodles before freaking out. First, you carefully separate each of the noodles by shape and count them. Here is what you find: Frequency of Noodles X-shaped O-shaped 33 21 1. What type of chi-square design is this (check one box)? OTwo-cell ОThree-cell OTwo-by-two…

ruggling is normal and part of the process of learning.  Describe an instance, so far in this course, where you struggled with a problem or concept, and initially had the wrong idea, but then later realized your error.  In this instance, in what ways was a struggle or mistake valuable to your eventual understanding?  You might also discuss whether struggling built aspects of character in you (e.g., endurance, self-confidence, competence to solve new problems) and how these virtues might benefit you in later ventures.  Explain in a few sentences.

Time can be expressed on different levels of scale, including days, weeks, months, and years. Can the scale provided influence perception of time? For example, if you placed an order over the phone, would it make a difference if you were told the package would arrive in four weeks or in one month? To investigate this, two researchers asked a group of 267 college students to imagine that their car needed major repairs and would have to stay at the shop. Depending on the group they were randomized to, the student was either told it would take 1 month or 30/31 days. Each student was then asked to give best- and worst-case estimates of when the car would be ready. The interval between these two estimates (in days) was the response. Here are the results: Group 30/31 days In 177 20.4 14.3 1 month 90 24.8 13.9 Suppose you want to construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in populations means (30/31 days minus 1 month). What would be the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval?…

Dr. S. Oberman has the research hypothesis that drivers who have consumed one drink are actually slightly better (score higher on a driving test) than drivers who have had no alcohol. (One drink, she believes, makes them relaxed and not as nervous.) She tests this by having subjects take a standard driving test. We know that completely sober, college-student drivers score an average of 75 on this test, where high scores mean better driving. Dr. S. Oberman's null hypothesis is: [note: Ho means mu, the population mean according to the null hypothesis] Ho is equal to 0 Po is less than 0 Po is not known, nor can it be known Ho is equal to (or less than) 75 Po is greater than 75

wants to know if it is better for Instructor Pilots to give flight students feedback in the airplane immediately after each maneuver rather than to wait till they are on the ground and debriefing. Six student pilots are selected. Each student receives immediate feedback on half of their flights and receives delayed (after landing) feedback on the other half of their flights. Average scores for the student’s evaluations are listed in the table below. Show work. Student Pilot Score for Immediate Feedback Score for Feedback Received After on the Ground Student Pilot A 4 2 Student Pilot B 3 4 Student Pilot C 5 2 Student Pilot D 3 3 Student Pilot E 5 3 Student Pilot F 5 2 a. Test the hypothesis that the student pilots receive higher evaluations on flights where they received immediate feedback compared to delayed (after landing) feedback. Use α =.05. Use the four steps of hypothesis testing. b. Calculate Omega squared (ώ2)

ANOVA. Dr. Milgramm is conducting a patient satisfaction survey, rating how well her patients like her on a scale of 1-10. Her patients tend to fall into three categories: “Like a lot”, “like somewhat”, and “dislike a lot”. She believes that she might get different satisfaction scores from people in each group, but (because she's not great at numbers) she wants you to do an ANOVA to be sure. She has collected data from 12 patients (three equal groups) with the following results.   Group 1) “Like a lot”               Mean:   8                    SS: 2   N:                    df:            Group 2) “Like somewhat”     Mean:   5                    SS: 6   N:                    df:             Group 3) “Dislike a lot”         Mean:    2                   SS: 4   N:                    df:              Grand Mean:          df Within-Group:__________ df Between-Groups:___________   Estimated Variance (S21) for Group 1: _______ Estimated Variance (S22) for Group 2: ___________ Estimated…

What is the answer for the last question regarding the term to describe the data value that doesn't make sense? "Obviously the answer above makes no sense, and this is (in part) because no team in our data had a BA anywhere near .000. This is a textbook illustration of what term from the course? "

Many graduate school programs in the United States require applicants to take the Graduate Record Exam, also called the GRE. One part of the exam, the GRE-Quantitative test, assesses students' level of quantitative reasoning and thinking - exactly the skills we are building in our class this semester. The highest score possible on the GRE-Quantitative test is a score of 800. Many graduate schools think that a score of 700 or higher on the GRE-Quantitative test shows that the applicant has strong quantitative skills. The table shows the number of people who took the GRE between 2003 and 2006 who had GRE-Quantitative test Scores of 700 or higher. All of the people represented in the table planned to major in one of the two listed areas of the social sciences. a. Complete the table. INTENDED MAJOR GRE-QUANTITATIVE SCORE Below 700 700 to 800 TOTAL Economics 2,143 6,775 Political Science 4,071 19,450 TOTAL 8,703

A serious side effect of allergy medicines is that they cause drowsiness, which can cause many problems for the individuals taking them.  In recent years, a new non-drowsy allergy medicine has been developed.  The company that created the medicine claims to be the first, once-a-day, non-drowsy allergy medicine (call it Medicine A).  An independent research group wanted to check on this claim by comparing medicine A with another allergy medicine not advertised as non-drowsy (call it Medicine B).  A random sample of 3,193 allergy sufferers was selected and each individual was randomly assigned to take either Medicine A or Medicine B.  From the Medicine A group, 114 of 1,604 reported drowsiness and from the Medicine B group, 155 of 1,589 reported drowsiness.     Calculate and label the two sample proportions separately. Next, calculate the difference between these sample proportions by subtracting (Medicine A – Medicine B).  Complete these calculations by hand, label each of them, and…