(i) Explain briefly how you would determine if the flow in a pipe was certain to be laminar.   (ii) Determine for each of the pipe sizes given as being suitable for the years 2023 to 2123 and show whether the flow would definitely be laminar and if not, show what minimum pipe size would be needed to ensure laminar flow and analyse the efficiency of the flow.

Water at 12oC is supplied to a 40 mm diameter steel pipe at 9 bar gauge pressure. The pipe is 125 m long, the roughness is k = 0.02 mm, and at the end of the pipe, the water is discharged to the atmosphere. Estimate the volume flow rate of the water.

The working fluid of the pressure gauge in Fig. 157 is mercury.  Estimate the volumetric flow rate in the tube if the fluid flowing through it is (a) gasoline and (b) nitrogen, at 20 ° C and 1 atm

Determine the resistance in each scenario presented. Explain whether the resistance is linear or not, and if not describe the relation, finally, explain how it can be linearized about a specific condition. Be sure to state the units and demonstrate that they are correct using the appropriate pressure/flow relation. a) Laminar flow An aqueous solution of 50% glycerol / 50% water is flowing through a pipe with the following system parameters: System_Parameters = (L = 100.0 D= 0.2 u= 0.022 p= 1150.0 9m=7.0 g = 9.81) units : L ~ m; D~ m; µ ~ Pa · s; p~ kg: 4. ~ 8: Confirm that this is laminar flow and then calculate the resistance. b) Pump Resistance from Pump Curve Consider the following pump curve: [Feet) (Meters] 30어 Find the pump resistance if the pump is supporting 15 meters of discharge head pressure, at a flow rate of 300 L/minute. 80- 250 7어 100 PSI L/min Determine the pump resistance in Pa 20어 6어85 PST 50 SCFM 5어 75 PST Note that standard pump curves are oriented opposite to the…