College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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### Understanding the Physics of a Pedaled Unicycle on a Gravel Path

**Objective:**

By the end of this exercise, you will be able to:
1. Draw and label an extended free body diagram (FBD) of a unicycle.
2. Apply Newton’s second law to this scenario.
3. Identify changes in the FBD under specific conditions.

---

**Part (i): Drawing the Extended Free Body Diagram of a Unicycle**

Consider a unicycle being pedaled on a gravel path. To help you visualize the setup, the following conditions are given:
- There is friction from the gravel on the tire.
- The pedal is fixed at a 90-degree angle with respect to the lever arm.
- As you pedal, the pedal will not hit the ground. This means \(R_{\text{pedal}} < R_{\text{tire}}\) (where the diagram is not drawn to scale).

The attached diagram shows the extended free body diagram of the unicycle, which includes:
- A large outer circle representing the tire.
- A smaller inner circle representing the hub or central part of the wheel.
- A horizontal line extending from the center of the inner circle representing the lever arm attached to the pedal.
- An arrow pointing downward from the pedal symbolizing the force exerted on the pedal.

---

**Part (ii): Writing Down Newton’s Second Law**

For this scenario, apply Newton’s second law of motion. Label and define any radii, forces, moments of inertia, masses, etc. Here is how to break down each variable:

- **Radii (R):**
  - \(R_{\text{tire}}\): Radius of the tire.
  - \(R_{\text{pedal}}\): Radius to the pedal point.

- **Forces (F):**
  - \( \vec{F}_{\text{G}} = mg \) : Gravitational force acting on the unicycle.

- **Moment of Inertia (I):**
  - Moment of inertia about the wheel.

- **Acceleration (a):**
  - Linear acceleration of the unicycle.
  - Angular acceleration of the wheel.

**Newton’s Second Law:** \( \sum \vec{F} = ma \)

**Using Torque:** \( \sum \tau = I\alpha \)

---

**Part (iii): Changing Conditions - Spinning Out**

If the wheel spins out and the unicycle does not move forward, then the
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Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding the Physics of a Pedaled Unicycle on a Gravel Path **Objective:** By the end of this exercise, you will be able to: 1. Draw and label an extended free body diagram (FBD) of a unicycle. 2. Apply Newton’s second law to this scenario. 3. Identify changes in the FBD under specific conditions. --- **Part (i): Drawing the Extended Free Body Diagram of a Unicycle** Consider a unicycle being pedaled on a gravel path. To help you visualize the setup, the following conditions are given: - There is friction from the gravel on the tire. - The pedal is fixed at a 90-degree angle with respect to the lever arm. - As you pedal, the pedal will not hit the ground. This means \(R_{\text{pedal}} < R_{\text{tire}}\) (where the diagram is not drawn to scale). The attached diagram shows the extended free body diagram of the unicycle, which includes: - A large outer circle representing the tire. - A smaller inner circle representing the hub or central part of the wheel. - A horizontal line extending from the center of the inner circle representing the lever arm attached to the pedal. - An arrow pointing downward from the pedal symbolizing the force exerted on the pedal. --- **Part (ii): Writing Down Newton’s Second Law** For this scenario, apply Newton’s second law of motion. Label and define any radii, forces, moments of inertia, masses, etc. Here is how to break down each variable: - **Radii (R):** - \(R_{\text{tire}}\): Radius of the tire. - \(R_{\text{pedal}}\): Radius to the pedal point. - **Forces (F):** - \( \vec{F}_{\text{G}} = mg \) : Gravitational force acting on the unicycle. - **Moment of Inertia (I):** - Moment of inertia about the wheel. - **Acceleration (a):** - Linear acceleration of the unicycle. - Angular acceleration of the wheel. **Newton’s Second Law:** \( \sum \vec{F} = ma \) **Using Torque:** \( \sum \tau = I\alpha \) --- **Part (iii): Changing Conditions - Spinning Out** If the wheel spins out and the unicycle does not move forward, then the
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