Hyena carrying capacity in Mkomazi National Park is 500 (in the absence of competitors). Wild Dog carrying capacity in that park is 700 (in the absence of competitors). The addition of 1 wild dog to the park is equivalent to adding 2.5 hyena. The addition of 1 hyena to the park is equivalent to adding 0.4 wild dogs. Which of these species is the better competitor? Justify your answer quantitatively and illustrate your argument using an appropriate graph.
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- You are interested in studying intraspecific competition among tadpoles (the immature stage of frogs, which live in freshwater habitats). You survey three tiny ponds to count the number of tadpoles: one pond has 0 tadpoles, one pond has 10 tadpoles, and one pond has 100 tadpoles. The consumer-weighted density estimate used to quantify the potential for intraspecific competition is as follows: Mean number of tadpoles per tadpole Number of tadpoles present in \the pond where tadpole i is located, Total number of tadpolès N=total number of tadpoles Using this equation, the resource-weighted density estimate across these three ponds is O a. 36.67 tadpoles/pond O b. 110 tadpoles/pond O c. 30.33 tadpoles/tadpole O d. 55 tadpoles/tadpole O e. 91.8 tadpoles/tadpoleThe relationship between predator and prey populations has been studied by computer simulation using equations which form part of a mathematical model devised by Lotka and Volterra. The data in Table 6.10 show the results of such a simulation when the prey population begins with 20 individuals and the predator population begins with six individuals. 1.Explain why the peaks in the predator population occur after those in the prey population. 2. This simulation assumes one prey species and one predator species in an imaginary ecosystem and is based on mathematical equations. Why is it likely to be too simplistic to describe accurately what happens in nature?African elephants are threatened by poachers, who kill the elephants for their tusks. Both male and female elephants can grow tusks. There are some elephants that are tuskless (do not grow tusks). In the elephant population of Gorongosa National Park, the number of female elephants was monitored for many years. The graphs show the total female elephant population and the percent of tuskless females in that population from 1970 to 2015. Which of the following describes the trend in the female elephant population from 1970 to 1995 ? The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks increased. Answer A: The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks increased. A The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks decreased. Answer B: The overall population decreased, and the proportion without tusks decreased. B The overall population increased and then decreased, and the proportion without tusks…
- A coyote population in Colorado has 40 individuals, the potential reproductive rate per individual per year is 1.5, and the carrying capacity of the area is 50 coyotes. In the same habitat, the bobcat population has 30 individuals, the potential reproductive rate per individual per year is 2, and the carrying capacity of the area is 100 bobcats. The bobcats depress population growth of coyotes through competition by 0.20, while the coyotes depress population growth of bobcats through competition by 1.1. What will the population size be for coyotes next year? *Note that this is the other half of the bobcat question, and you need to round your answer to a whole animal. 40 5 45 16 55A population of 1,492 finches is introduced to a rainforest. Over the next year, the finches show a death rate of 0.395 while the population drops to 1,134. What's the birth rate for this population? Is this proving to be a suitable habitat? (Two answers) * Yes, this is a suitable habitat. The birth rate is higher than the death rate. No, this is not a suitable habitat. The birth rate is much lower then the death rate. 589 -358 0.155 0.845 Which of the following is true of a population approaching its carrying capacity? The population's rate of increase approaches zero. ロロロ□Mark Recapture can be written as M N = R Define each term. Use this equation to answer the following question. Show your work. A biologist for Mosaic fertilizer company catches 26 Florida scrub jays as part of their monthly environmental monitoring. Each bird is given a band. The next month, they catch 32 birds. 13 of the birds have bands. What is the estimated population size of the birds in that area?
- American crows (species 1) compete with Turkey Vultures (species 2) for carrion. Vultures are 4x as large as crows and eat 4x as much. They also can chase Crows away from carcasses. Therefore, one additional vulture in an area displaces four crows, but it takes 10 additional crows to displace one vulture. The competition coefficients are O alpha12 (imaging the greek alpha with subsript 12) = 10, alpha21 = 4 O alpha12 = 4, alpha21 = 10 O alpha12 = 4, alpha21 = 0.1 O alpha12 0.1, alpha21 = 4In 2010, 150 coyotes (Canis latrans) were counted in Pierce County, WA. And the growth rate is 14 coyortes per year. Following a survey of the community, the social carrying capacity of coyotes was around 500 individuals. How long will it take for the coyote population to reach this human tolerance goal? Biologists have estimated the biological carrying capacity for coyotes in the county to be 1000 individuals. How long will it be before the population reaches carrying capacity using exponential growth? Would it take more or less time for the population to reach carrying capacity if using logistic growth equation and assumptions?Which of the following would have the largest capture efficiency in the Lotka-Volterra model of predator-victim interactions? A caterpillar eating a plant A bat eating mosquitoes A small tarantula wasp eating a much larger tarantula A killer whale eating a seal Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Lotka-Volterra model of predator-victim interactions? Prey have limited resource availability No age, stage or size structure in the population Continuous population growth (no pulses or lags) Victims and predators encounter each other at random Predator is a complete specialist O O
- You are part of a group of researchers examining the survivorship and fecundity of Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Parts of the reserve are well-protected from poaching, and other parts are largely unprotected. Over a period of several years, you’ve gathered demographic data (summarized below) on tigers in both poached and unpoached locations; assume that mx numbers represent female offspring born per female. Note that your demographic data begins at age 1, and does not include survivorship of cubs from birth to age 1. Also, note that Sx is listed here -- this is related to, but is NOT the same as lx… To calculate r, use the formula r = ln(Ro)/T. Including unpoached poaching Tiger age (x) Sx Sx Mx 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0.83 0.69 0.04 3 0.91 0.65 0.64 4 0.9 0.62 0.78 5 0.85 0.6 0.71 6…Calculate the rate of population change for a hypothetical population of wildebeest using the logistics equation and carrying capacity equation. How can you explain these results? N = 500, r = 0.1, K = 1000, calculate dN/dt.For the cricket, the intrinsic growth rate is 100 and the carrying capacity of the environment is 200,000 individuals. For the frog, the capture efficiency is 0.0002, the conversion efficiency is 0.1, the handling time per cricket is 0.2 hours, and the density-independent per capita death rate of the predator is 0.4. 18. At what value of the number of crickets is the predator population of frogs at equilibrium? 19. What is the dN/dt of the prey population when the number of frogs is 60 and the number of crickets is 11,000? Round to the nearest hundredth. 20. What is the dP/dt of the predator population when the number of frogs is 60 and the number of crickets is 11,000? Round to the nearest hundredth.