College Physics 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
1 Introduction: The Nature Of Science And Physics 2 Kinematics 3 Two-dimensional Kinematics 4 Dynamics: Force And Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Further Applications Of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, And Elasticity 6 Uniform Circular Motion And Gravitation 7 Work, Energy, And Energy Resources 8 Linear Momentum And Collisions 9 Statics And Torque 10 Rotational Motion And Angular Momentum 11 Fluid Statics 12 Fluid Dynamics And Its Biological And Medical Applications 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, And The Gas Laws 14 Heat And Heat Transfer Methods 15 Thermodynamics 16 Oscillatory Motion And Waves 17 Physics Of Hearing 18 Electric Charge And Electric Field 19 Electric Potential And Electric Field 20 Electric Current, Resistance, And Ohm's Law 21 Circuits And Dc Instruments 22 Magnetism 23 Electromagnetic Induction, Ac Circuits, And Electrical Technologies 24 Electromagnetic Waves 25 Geometric Optics 26 Vision And Optical Instruments 27 Wave Optics 28 Special Relativity 29 Introduction To Quantum Physics 30 Atomic Physics 31 Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics 32 Medical Applications Of Nuclear Physics 33 Particle Physics 34 Frontiers Of Physics Chapter13: Temperature, Kinetic Theory, And The Gas Laws
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: What does it mean to say that two systems are in thermal equilibrium? Problem 2CQ: Give an example of a physical property that varies with temperature and describe how it is used to... Problem 3CQ: When a cold alcohol thermometer is placed in a hot liquid, the column of alcohol goes down slightly... Problem 4CQ: If you add boiling water to a cup at room temperature, what would you expect the final equilibrium... Problem 5CQ: Thermal stresses caused by uneven cooling can easily break glass cookware. Explain why Pyrex®, a... Problem 6CQ: Water expands significantly when it freezes: a volume increase at about 9% occurs. As a result of... Problem 7CQ: One method at getting a tight fit, say of a metal peg in a hole in a metal block, is to manufacture... Problem 8CQ: Does it really help to run hot water over a tight metal lid on a glass jar before flying to open it?... Problem 9CQ: Liquids and solids expand with increasing temperature, because the kinetic energy of a body's atoms... Problem 10CQ: Find out the human population of Earth. Is there a mole of people inhabiting Earth? If the average... Problem 11CQ: Under what circumstances would you expect a gas to behave significantly differently than predicted... Problem 12CQ: A constant-volume gas thermometer contains a fixed amount of gas. What properly of the gas is... Problem 13CQ: How is momentum related to the pressure exerted by a gas? Explain on the atomic and molecular level,... Problem 14CQ: A pressure cooker contains water and steam in equilibrium at a pressure greater than atmospheric... Problem 15CQ: Why does condensation from most rapidly on the coldest object in a roomfor example, on a glass of... Problem 16CQ: What is the vapor pressure of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) at _785 Figure 13.36 The phase diagram... Problem 17CQ: Can carbon dioxide be liquefied at room temperature (20C) ? If so, how? If not, why not? (See Figure... Problem 18CQ: Oxygen cannot be liquefied at room temperature by placing it under a large enough pressure to force... Problem 19CQ: What is the distinction between gas and vapor? Problem 20CQ: Because humidity depends only on water's vapor pressure and temperature, are the saturation vapor... Problem 21CQ: Why does a beaker of 40.0C water placed in a vacuum chamber start to boil as the chamber is... Problem 22CQ: Why does rubbing alcohol evaporate much more rapidly than water at STP (standard temperature and... Problem 1PE: What is me Fahrenheit temperature of a person with at 39.0°C fever? Problem 2PE: Frost damage to most plants occurs at temperatures of 28.0F or lower. What is this temperature on... Problem 3PE: To conserve energy, room temperatures are kept at 68.0F in the winter and 78.0F in the summer. What... Problem 4PE: A tungsten light bulb filament may operate a1 2900 K. What is its Fahrenheit temperature? What is... Problem 5PE: The Surface temperature of the Sun is about 5750 K. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit... Problem 6PE: One of the honest temperatures ever recorded on the surface at Earth was 134F in Death Valley, CA.... Problem 7PE: (a) Suppose a cold front blows into your locale and drops the temperature by 40.0 Fahrenheit... Problem 8PE: (a) At what temperature do the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales have the same numerical value? (b) At... Problem 9PE: The height of the Washington Monument is measured to be 170 m on a day when the temperature is... Problem 10PE: How much taller does me Eiffel Tower become at the end of a day when the temperature has increased... Problem 11PE: What is the change in length of a 3.00mlong column of mercury if its temperature changes from 37.0C... Problem 12PE: How large an expansion gap should be left between steel railroad rails it they may reach a maximum... Problem 13PE: You are looking to purchase a small piece of land in Hong Kong. The price is “only” 60,000 per... Problem 14PE: Global warming will produce rising sea levels partly due to melting ice team but alga due to the... Problem 15PE: Show that 60.0L of gasoline originally at 15.0C will expand to 61.1L when it warms to 35.0C, as... Problem 16PE: (a) Suppose a meter Stick made of steel and one made of invar (an alloy of iron and nickel) are the... Problem 17PE: (a) If a 500mL glass beaker is filled to the brim with ethyl alcohol at a temperature of 500C, how... Problem 18PE: Most automobiles have a coolant reservoir to catch radiator fluid than may overflow when 1he engine... Problem 19PE: A physicist makes a cup of instant coffee and notices that, as the coffee cools, its level drops... Problem 20PE: (a) The density of water at 0C is very nearly 1000kg/m3 (it is actually 999.84kg/m3 ), whereas the... Problem 21PE: Show that 3, by calculating the change in volume V of a cube with sides of length L. Problem 22PE: The gauge pressure in your car tires is 2.50105N/m2 at a temperature of 35.0C when you drive it onto... Problem 23PE: Convert an absolute pressure of 7.00105N/m2 to gauge pressure in lb/in2. (This value was stated to... Problem 24PE: Suppose a gasfilled incandescent light bulb is manufactured so that the gas inside the bulb is at... Problem 25PE: Large helium-filled balloons are used to lift scienti?c equipment to high altitudes. (a) What is the... Problem 26PE: Confirm mat the units of nRT are those of energy for each value of R : (a) 8.31J/molK, (b)... Problem 27PE: In the text, it was shown that N/V=2.681025m3 for gas at STP. (a) Show that this quantity is... Problem 28PE: Calculate the number of moles in me 2.00L volume of air in the lungs of me average person. Note that... Problem 29PE: An airplane passenger has 100cm3 of air in his stomach just before the plane takes off from a... Problem 30PE: (a) What is me 1imlume (in km3) of Avogadro’s number of sand grains if each grain is a cube and has... Problem 31PE: An expensive vacuum System can achieve a pressure as low as 1.00107N/m2 at 20C. How many atoms are... Problem 32PE: The number density of gas atoms at a certain location in the space above our planet is about... Problem 33PE: A bicycle tire has a pressure of 7.00105N/m2 at a temperature of 18.0C and contains 2.00L of gas.... Problem 34PE: A high—pressure gas cylinder contains 50.13L of toxic gas at a pressure of 1.40107N/m2 and a... Problem 35PE: Find the number of moles in 2.00L of gas at 35.0C and under 7.41107N/m2 of pressure. Problem 36PE: Calculate the depth to which Avogadro's number of table tennis balls would cover Earth. Each ball... Problem 37PE: (a) What is me gauge pressure in a 25.0C car tire containing 3.60 mol of gas in a 30.0 L volume? (b)... Problem 38PE: (a) In the deep space between galaxies, me density of atoms is as low as 106atoms/m3, and me... Problem 39PE: Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon gas. What is vrms for argon atoms near the... Problem 40PE: Average atomic and molecular speeds (vrms) are large, even at low temperatures. What is vrms for... Problem 41PE: (a) What is the average kinetic energy in joules of hydrogen atoms on the 5500C surface at the Sun?... Problem 42PE: The escape velocity of any object from Earth is 11.2km/s. (a) Express this speed in m/s and km/h.... Problem 43PE: The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than from Earth and is only 2.38km/s. At what... Problem 44PE: Nuclear fusion, the energy source at the Sun, hydrogen bombs, and fusion reactors, occurs much more... Problem 45PE: Suppose that the average velocity (vrms) of carbon dioxide molecules (molecular mass is equal to... Problem 46PE: Hydrogen molecules (molecular mass is equal to 2.016g/mol ) have an average velocity vrmsequal to... Problem 47PE: Much of The 935 near the Sun is atomic hydrogen. Its temperature would have to be 1.5107K for the... Problem 48PE: There are two important isotopes of uranium 235U and 238U ; these isotopes are nearly identical... Problem 49PE: Dry air is 78.1% nitrogen. What is the partial pressure of nitrogen when me atmospheric pressure is... Problem 50PE: (a) What is me vapor pressure of water at 20.0C ? (b) What percentage of atmospheric pressure does... Problem 51PE: Pressure cookers increase cooking speed by raising the boiling temperature of water above its value... Problem 52PE: (a) At what temperature does water boil at an altitude of 1500 m (about 5000 ft) on a day when... Problem 53PE: What is the atmospheric pressure on top of Mt. Everest on a day when water boils there at a... Problem 54PE: At a spot in the high Andes, water boils at 80.0C, greatly reducing the cooking speed of potatoes,... Problem 55PE: What is the relative humidity on a 25.0C day when the air contains 18.0g/m3 of water vapor? Problem 56PE: What is the density of water vapor in g/m3 on a hot dry day in me desert when the temperature is... Problem 57PE: A deepsea diver should breathe a gas mixture that has the same oxygen partial pressure as at sea... Problem 58PE: The vapor pressure of water at 40.0C is 7.34103N/m2. Using the ideal gas law, calculate the density... Problem 59PE: Air in human lungs has a temperature of 37.0C and a saturation vapor density of 44.0g/m3. (a) If... Problem 60PE: If the relative humidity is 90.0% on a muggy summer morning when the temperature is 20.0C, what will... Problem 61PE: Late on an autumn day, the relative humidity is 45.0% and the temperature is 20.0C. What will the... Problem 62PE: Atmospheric pressure amp Mt. Everest is 3.30104N/m2. (a) What is the partial pressure of oxygen... Problem 63PE: What is the dew point (the temperature at which 100% relative humidity would occur) on a day when... Problem 64PE: On a certain day the temperature is 25.0C and the relative humidity is 90.0%. How many grams of... Problem 65PE: Integrated Concepts The boiling point of water increases with depth because pressure increases with... Problem 66PE: Integrated Concepts (a) At what depth in fresh water is critical pressure of water reached, given... Problem 67PE: Integrated Concepts To get an idea of the small effect that temperature has on Archimedes’... Problem 68PE: Integrated Concepts If you want to cook in water at 150C, you need a pressure cooker that can... Problem 69PE: Unreasonable Results (a) How many moles per cubic meter of an ideal gas are there at a pressure of... Problem 70PE: Unreasonable Results (a) An automobile mechanic claims that an aluminum rod fits loosely into its... Problem 71PE: Unreasonable Results The temperature inside a supernova explosion is said to be 2.001013K. (a) What... Problem 72PE: Unreasonable Results Suppose the relative humidity is 80% on a day when the temperature is 30.0C.... Problem 27PE: In the text, it was shown that N/V=2.681025m3 for gas at STP. (a) Show that this quantity is...
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Concept explainers
How many molecules are in a typical object, such as gas in a tire or water in a drink? We can use the ideal gas law to give us an idea of how large N typically is.
Definition Definition Any of various laws that describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. At a constant temperature, the pressure of a particular amount of gas is inversely proportional with its volume (Boyle's Law) In a closed system with constant pressure, the volume of an ideal gas is in direct relation with its temperature (Charles's Law) At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is in direct relation to its temperature (Gay-Lussac's Law) If the volume of all gases are equal and under the a similar temperature and pressure, then they contain an equal number of molecules (Avogadro's Law) The state of a particular amount of gas can be determined by its pressure, volume and temperature (Ideal Gas law)
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